Effect of radiation on satellite cell activity and protein expression in overloaded mammalian skeletal muscle

Phelan, John N.; Gonyea, W. J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199702)247:2<179::aid-ar4>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 133 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Ablation of SCs by low doses of gamma irradiation prevented hypertrophy in rodent skeletal muscles (Phelan and Gonyea, 1997;Li et al, 2006). In this study, an increase in the number of SCs was demonstrated in hypertrophied fibers treated with mesterolone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Influence of Mesterolone on Satellite Cell Distribution and Fiber Morphology within Maturing Chicken Pectoralis Muscle

Allouh

Aldirawi

2012

The Anatomical Record

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Mesterolone is a synthetic oral anabolic androgenic steroid used to treat hypogonadism. There are frequent reports of mesterolone abuse in human and equine sports to increase muscle mass and strength. However, limited information is available about how this drug exerts its effects on skeletal muscle. Satellite cells (SCs) are mononuclear myogenic stem cells that contribute to postnatal muscle growth and repair. As SC activation and subsequent differentiation to new myonuclei is a major event during muscle hypertrophy, this study investigated the influence of mesterolone on SC distribution within the pectoralis muscle of chickens. Specifically, this study tested the hypotheses that mesterolone induces avian skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and that mesterolone increases the number of SCs in avian skeletal muscle. Robust immunocytochemical techniques and morphometric analyses were used to calculate the numbers of SCs and myonuclei. Also, DNA concentration and Pax7 protein levels were measured to confirm immunocytochemical findings. Mesterolone significantly increased pectoralis mass and fiber size. All SC indices and number of myonuclei increased significantly by mesterolone administration. In addition, greater DNA concentration and Pax7 protein expression were found in mesterolone-treated birds. This study indicates that mesterolone can induce avian skeletal muscle hypertrophy and that this is correlated with increased number of SCs. We suggest that SCs are key cellular intermediaries for mesterolone-induced muscle hypertrophy. Anat Rec,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Influence of Mesterolone on Satellite Cell Distribution and Fiber Morphology within Maturing Chicken Pectoralis Muscle

Allouh

Aldirawi

2012

The Anatomical Record

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“…The addition of new nuclei to existing myofiber during hypertrophic events has been extensively studied but still the mechanism leading to satellite cells activation during this process has not clearly understood. DNA damage experiments induced by c-ray have been used to test the role of satellite cells in muscle hypertrophy (Rosenblatt et al 1994;Phelan and Gonyea 1997;Adams et al 2002). Compensatory muscle enlargement could be partially prevented following c-irradiation providing a direct evidence that satellite cells are needed to complete the muscle increase; nonetheless since the hypertrophic events are not fully abolished, the possibility of a satellite cells source surviving, an increased protein synthesis in the remaining fibers or the effort by other adult muscle stem cells cannot be excluded (McGeachie and Grounds 1987;Heslop et al 2000).…”

Section: Satellite Cells and Muscle Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular mechanisms and local progenitor activation to regulate skeletal muscle mass

Cassano

Quattrocelli

Crippa

et al. 2009

J Muscle Res Cell Motil

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Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a result of increased load, such as functional and stretch-overload. Activation of satellite cells and proliferation, differentiation and fusion are required for hypertrophy of overloaded skeletal muscles. On the contrary, a dramatic loss of skeletal muscle mass determines atrophy settings. The epigenetic changes involved in gene regulation at DNA and chromatin level are critical for the opposing phenomena, muscle growth and atrophy. Physiological properties of skeletal muscle tissue play a fundamental role in health and disease since it is the most abundant tissue in mammals. In fact, protein synthesis and degradation are finely modulated to maintain an appropriate muscle mass. When the molecular signaling is altered muscle wasting and weakness occurred, and this happened in most common inherited and acquired disorders such as muscular dystrophies, cachexia, and age-related wasting. To date, there is no accepted treatment to improve muscle size and strength, and these conditions pose a considerable anxiety to patients as well as to public health. Several molecules, including Magic-F1, myostatin inhibitor, IGF, glucocorticoids and microRNAs are currently investigated to interfere positively in the blueprint of skeletal muscle growth and regeneration.

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“…To evaluate further the role of satellite cell activities in our model, gamma radiation was used to compromise the proliferative capacity of muscle stem cells, which have often been used to determine satellite cell function in skeletal muscle in vivo (31,39). We subjected mouse hind limb muscles to 2,200 rads of gamma radiation 24 h before the cardiotoxin injection.…”

Section: Cardiotoxin Injection In Ta Muscle Induces Extensive Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Coordinated Gene Regulation in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Yan

Choi

Liu

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

238

227

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Mammalian skeletal muscles are capable of regeneration after injury. Quiescent satellite cells are activated to reenter the cell cycle and to differentiate for repair, recapitulating features of myogenesis during embryonic development. To understand better the molecular mechanism involved in this process in vivo, we employed high density cDNA microarrays for gene expression profiling in mouse tibialis anterior muscles after a cardiotoxin injection. Among 16,267 gene elements surveyed, 3,532 elements showed at least a 2.5-fold change at one or more time points during a 14-day time course. Hierarchical cluster analysis and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed induction of genes important for cell cycle control and DNA replication during the early phase of muscle regeneration. Subsequently, genes for myogenic regulatory factors, a group of imprinted genes and genes with functions to inhibit cell cycle progression and promote myogenic differentiation, were induced when myogenic stem cells started to differentiate. Induction of a majority of these genes, including E2f1 and E2f2, was abolished in muscles lacking satellite cell activity after gamma radiation. Regeneration was severely compromised in E2f1 null mice but not affected in E2f2 null mice. This study identifies novel genes potentially important for muscle regeneration and reveals highly coordinated myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation programs in adult skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo.Skeletal muscles are damaged and repaired repeatedly throughout life. Muscle regeneration maintains locomotor function during aging and delays the appearance of clinical symptoms in neuromuscular diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1, 2). This capacity for tissue repair is conferred by satellite cells located between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of mature myofibers (3, 4). Upon injury, satellite cells reenter the cell cycle, proliferate, and then exit the cell cycle either to renew the quiescent satellite cell pool or to differentiate into mature myofibers (5). Understanding the molecular mechanism by which satellite cell activity is regulated could promote development of novel countermeasures to enhance muscle performance that is compromised by diseases or aging.Both the cell proliferation and differentiation programs are essential for myogenesis. Mammalian cells escape from quiescence (G 0 ) and enter the cell cycle by activating the Cdk 1 /Rb/ E2f signaling pathway (6, 7). In general, mitogen stimulation induces expression and assembly of the G 1 cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) (8, 9). Activation of Cdks causes phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) (10, 11), leading to increased activities of a subset of E2f transcription factors (E2fs) (12) and up-regulation of a variety of E2f-responsive genes encoding proteins directly involved in DNA replication and cell cycle progression (13,14). On the other hand, myogenic differentiation is controlled by interactions of a network of myogenic transcription factors (15). Studies ...

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Effect of radiation on satellite cell activity and protein expression in overloaded mammalian skeletal muscle

Cited by 133 publications

References 55 publications

Influence of Mesterolone on Satellite Cell Distribution and Fiber Morphology within Maturing Chicken Pectoralis Muscle

Influence of Mesterolone on Satellite Cell Distribution and Fiber Morphology within Maturing Chicken Pectoralis Muscle

Cellular mechanisms and local progenitor activation to regulate skeletal muscle mass

Highly Coordinated Gene Regulation in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

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