Effect of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract on enamel demineralisation and dental biofilm composition in situ

Abstract

Psidium cattleianum leaf extract exhibits a potential anticariogenic effect.

Essential oil ofPsidium cattleianumleaves: Antioxidant and antifungal activity

“…Alvarenga et al (2013) evaluated the in vivo analgesic and toxicity of a hydroalcoholic extract from P. cattleianum, the results demonstrated that extract demonstrated strong analgesic activity and no toxicity in cultures of LLC-MK2 mammalian fibroblast cells. Aqueous extract of P. cattleianum leaves reduced enamel demineralization, acidogenic potential, microorganism viability, and extracellular polysaccharide production (Brighenti et al, 2012), and a chloroform leaf extract activated specific intracellular death-related pathways, leading to caspase-3 activation and induction of apoptosis in SNU-16 cells (Moona et al, 2012).…”

Influence of subinhibitory concentrations of extracts from Psidium cattleianum (Sabine) and Myracrodruon urundeuva (Allemao) on mutans streptococci adhesion to glass and enamel surfaces.

“…The high concentrations of extracts used in the present investigation in order to inhibit microbial adhesion might be explained by the fact that present investigation used crude extracts in spite of purified preparations 12,13 . Natural products capable of reducing biofilm formation and anti-caries activity seem to act in the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides 23,[38][39][40] , inhibiting the enzyme glycosyltransferase 39 , or forming a complex directly involved with the adsorption of oral bacteria to the acquired pellicle, delaying the adhesion of the early colonizers of the oral bacterial biofilm 41 . However, initial data have evidenced that phenols, as tannic acid, are deeply involved in both inhibition of cellular metabolism in cariogenic cocci and in the anti-adhesion properties of these extracts 23 .…”

“…Natural products capable of reducing biofilm formation and anti-caries activity seem to act in the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides 23,[38][39][40] , inhibiting the enzyme glycosyltransferase 39 , or forming a complex directly involved with the adsorption of oral bacteria to the acquired pellicle, delaying the adhesion of the early colonizers of the oral bacterial biofilm 41 . However, initial data have evidenced that phenols, as tannic acid, are deeply involved in both inhibition of cellular metabolism in cariogenic cocci and in the anti-adhesion properties of these extracts 23 . Since the extracts are capable to act as denaturants, particularly on proteins such as casein or gelatin, it is possible that these products also interfere in the interactions between microbial adhesins and the receptors on the surface of human cells, acquired pellicle, and early settlers involved in the development of aggregation, although the role of aggregation in cariogenicity of S. mutans remains to be properly studied 12 .…”

“…Moreover, the microbial adhesion is highly influenced by several factors, but in mutans streptococci this phenomenon is mainly related to metabolism of sucrose 31 , as well cellular morphology and surface structures, which may be affected by compounds present in leaves of the genus Psidium 22,32 , particularly rich in polyphenols. The adherence to glass surfaces is commonly used to evaluate sucrose dependent adhesion mechanisms of S. mutans 12,31 , due to the production of extracellular glucans, similarly to the mechanism observed in oral biofilm 20,23 . The adherence of both reference strains of S. mutans to the glass surface was markedly inhibited by sub-MIC concentrations of the extracts.…”

“…Moreover, since universally effective, low cost and accepted therapeutic approaches to control oral biofilm have not been established for low-income rural or urban populations 7 , studies to characterize natural products capable to reduce biofilm accumulation or the presence of targeted microbial species must be stimulated [18][19][20] . From the lists of plants recommended for control and prevention of dental caries, it is evident the relevance of plants of genus Psidium 18,19,[21][22][23] , which has been used as toothpaste to maintain the oral hygiene. M. urundeuva presents chemical composition similar to P. cattleianum and is systematically used as anti-ulcerogenic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory 24,25 .…”