Effect of Protein Level of the Diet on Free Gossypol Tolerance in Chicks

Narain, Ram; Lyman, Carl M.; Deyoe, C. W.; Couch, J. R.

doi:10.3382/ps.0391556

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Mortality. Increasing levels of gossypol have been shown to be correlated with increased mortality in some trials (Lillie and Bird, 1950;Couch et al, 1955), but not in others Eagle and Davies, 1957;Narain et al, 1957Narain et al, , 1960. It is interesting to note that Lillie and Bird (1950) reported purified gossypol and gossypol furnished by pigment glands appeared to be of approximately equal toxicity, whereas Eagle and Davies (1957) reported pigment gland gossypol to be more toxic than purified gossypol.…”

Section: E Gossypoleffectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous reports have shown that high levels of purified or pigment gland gossypol in poultry rations are associated with depressed weight gains (Groschke et al. 1947;Boatner et al, 1948 ;Lillie and Bird, 1950;Bird, 1954, 1955;Couch et al, 1955;Eagle and Davies, 1957;Rigdon et al, 1958;Narain et al, 1960Narain et al, , 1961Bornstein, 1964a, 1964b;Hill and Totsuka, 1964). On the other hand, showed that rations containing 0.04 per cent free gossypol produced better gains than rations containing 0.02 per cent free gossypol.…”

Section: E Gossypoleffectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since tolerance to gossypol may be affected by age and strain of birds as well as by ration levels of protein (Gallup and Reder, 1935;Hale et al, 1958: Narain et al, 1960, iron (Withers and Brewster, 1913;Withers and Carruth, 1917;Gallup, 1928;Robison, 1934;Fletcher, 1948: Olcott, 1948Eagle, 1949;Bressani et al, 1964;Phelps, 1965;Clawson and Smith, 1965;Danke and Tillman, 1956), alkaline materials (Gallup andReder, 1935, 1936;Eagle et al, 1954;Bressani et al, 1964) and possibly other ration components, it is not surprising that literature values for gossypol tolerance in poultry vary widely. Lipstein and Bornstein (1964a) reported lo00 ppm (0.1 %) to be the safe upper tolerance level of gossypol for chicks.…”

Section: 1958) or Injection (Rigdon Et A] 1959) Of Gossypolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Phelps

1966

World's Poultry Science Journal

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This review is dedicated to M i . Burt W. Heywang, Superintendent of the Southwest Poultry Experiment Station, Glendale. Arizona. For almost three decades Burt and his associates have enriched the scienific world with a vast amount of data relating to utilization of cottonseed products. This unobtrusive man is admired by all who have known him for his devotion to scientific integrity and thoroughness.

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Section: E Gossypoleffectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Gossypoleffectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1958) or Injection (Rigdon Et A] 1959) Of Gossypolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Phelps

1966

World's Poultry Science Journal

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“…Panigrahi et al (1989) reported that egg production was not reduced until increasing level of CSM up to 300 g/kg (225 mg/kg FG), and a later study showed that no yolk discoloration was observed in freshly laid eggs of hens fed a CSM diet including 262 mg/kg FG (Panigrahi and Hammonds, 1990). There is not consensus among researchers as to the level of CSM or FG which results in adverse effects in laying hens since the response of birds to CSM or FG may be affected by different breeds or ages of layers (Panigrahi and Morris, 1991), cotton genotypes of CSM (Heywang and Bird, 1955), and dietary levels of protein (Narain et al, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of low-gossypol cottonseed meal in laying hens’ diet

He¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Poultry Science

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of dietary low-gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM) in layers' diets. A total of 432 40-weekold Hy-line W36 laying hens were allocated to one of the six dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the 4 experimental diets consisted of a basal diet with 50, 98.3, 144.2, or 189 g/kg LCSM, respectively (correspondingly 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% dietary protein provided by soybean meal were replaced by LCSM). The sixth group was fed a basal diet supplemented with free gossypol (FG group). The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed that no significant difference was observed on egg production or feed conversion ratio (FCR, feed/egg, g/g) among all groups, but feed intake and egg weight were significantly decreased in the 189 g/kg LCSM group in weeks 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). A significant decrease was not observed in shell strength, shell thickness, and yolk color in all periods, but Haugh unit, albumen height, and egg white protein content were reduced in 189 g/kg LCSM group in weeks 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the control and FG group. There was no obvious difference on plasma levels of total protein, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and activities of albumen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and the histopathology of liver, kidney, and oviduct in all groups. In conclusion, decreasing feed intake, egg weight, and egg quality were observed in the 189 g/kg LCSM group. However, the adverse effect was not relevant to the presence of FG in LCSM. Dietary LCSM supplementation of 98.3 g/kg was recommended with optimum FCR and without adverse effect on egg production, quality, and health of layers.

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“…Feeding of 150 g regular cottonseed meal kg-1diet (101.5 ppm free gossypol in diet) signifi cantly reduced the egg production (Reid et al, 1987). The tolerance levels to gossypol in poultry is wide, it might be due to differences in age and strain of birds (Heywang & Birds, 1955), protein quality and quantity in feed (Narain et al, 1960) and mineral contents particularly iron in diet (Bressni et al, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental toxicity of cottonseed extraction on chicken embryo

Sadighara¹,

Amoli²,

Ashrafihelan³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Cottonseed meal is widely used as one of the protein supplement in poultry diets. Its mechanism of toxic action on chicken embryo is poorly understood. In this study, direct effects and abnormalities of cottonseed on chicken embryo were studied. Oxidative stress, cholinergic stress, mineral analysis and microscopic lesions were analyzed in chicken embryo which injected cottonseed extraction in 0.1, 1 and 10 mg concentration (with free gossypol 0.25 ppm, 2.5 ppm and 25 ppm respectively) at day 4 of incubation. Higher group had 100% mortality. Serum of alive chicken embryo at day 20 of incubation were measured for FRAP (ferric reducing ability of serum), total SH groups assay, cholinesterase assay and potassium concentration. The results expressed as mean±SD show to increase oxidative stress, cholinergic stress but significant difference (p≤0.05) wasn't observed between groups. The significant difference was observed in potassium concentration in serum. Some evidence of hematotoxicity such as hemorrhage and higher number of puntate reticulocytes were detected. It is concluded, hematoxicity and hyperkalemia are toxicity mechanisms that could initiate in low concentrations of cottonseed in chick embryo.

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Effect of Protein Level of the Diet on Free Gossypol Tolerance in Chicks

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Cottonseed Meal for Poultry: from Research to Practical Application

Application of low-gossypol cottonseed meal in laying hens’ diet

The developmental toxicity of cottonseed extraction on chicken embryo

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