Effect of Propolis mouthwash on plaque and gingival indices over fixed orthodontic patients

Dehghani, Mahboobe; Abtahi, Mostafa; Hasanzadeh, Nadia; Farahzad, Z; Noori, Meysam

doi:10.4317/jced.55026

Cited by 17 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…General characteristics of the included studies are presented in Table 1 . Nine randomized clinical trials (RCT) involving 333 patients were included in this systematic review [ 8 , 11 , 14 , 17 – 22 ] (Table 1 ). Four studies were conducted in India [ 14 , 20 – 22 ], two in Brazil [ 17 , 18 ], one in Iran [ 11 ], one in Iraq [ 19 ], and one in the UK [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medications or dentifrices known to affect the intervention were considered as exclusion criteria in all included studies. Three studies [ 11 , 17 , 21 ] reported excluding smokers, while the remaining studies did not provide any information about smoking status of the participants. The evaluation period ranged from 5 to 28 days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies [ 11 , 14 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 22 ] reported the age of the participants (age range: 15–70 years). Only three studies [ 11 , 19 , 20 ] reported the gender of the participants; the number of female subjects varied among the studies and ranged from 2 to 27. Two studies [ 8 , 21 ] neither mentioned the age nor the gender of the subjects (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 ml twice daily for two Weeks 2 weeks Propolis and CHX were equally effective in reducing PI and GI. Abdullah et al 2003 [ 19 ] (Iraq) Double-blind crossover design 10 8/2 (20–24) G1: propolis ( n = 10) G2: propolis (ethanol extract) ( n = 10) G3: CHX 0.2% ( n = 10) PI – (0.5, 1% water extract of propolis, 0.5, 1% ethanolic extract of propolis) with distilled water Professional scaling & polishing, daily tooth brushing & flossing then abstain all mechanical tooth cleaning effort for the next five days No any appliance 15 ml three times daily for one minute each time 5 days Propolis 1% ethanolic extract was as effective as CHX in reducing plaque Dehghani et al 2019 [ 11 ] (Iran) Triple-blind parallel-group Clinical trial. 10\27 (15–35) G1:popolis ( n = 18) G2: CHX 0.12% ( n = 19) PI &GI Mild to moderate gingivitis Propolis aqueous extract, Propolis was 1% with a salt concentration of 0.25%, oil of saffron and flavor Subjects continue their usual daily brushing method (tooth brush and dental floss) during the study period Non- smokers under fixed ortho.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All included studies compared propolis-based mouthwashes with CHX [ 8 , 11 , 14 , 17 – 22 ] (Table 1 ). Eight studies [ 8 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 20 – 22 ] used the raw propolis, while one study [ 19 ] used two formulations of propolis namely, water extract poroplis and ethanol extract propolis (Table 1 ). With regards to the control group, seven studies reported on CHX concentrations: five studies used CHX 0.2% [ 14 , 19 – 22 ], and two studies used CHX 0.12% [ 8 , 17 ] (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background This systematic review of randomized clinical trials aimed to evaluate the available evidence regarding the efficacy of propolis-based mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to November 2019. Clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of propolis mouthwashes compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) were included. The primary outcomes comprised dental plaque and/or gingival inflammation. Two authors assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. Due to marked heterogeneity of the available data, studies were assessed qualitatively, and no metaanalysis was performed. Results Nine clinical trials, comprising 333 subjects, fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Most of the included studies showed high risk of bias. Overall, propolis mouthwashes showed good efficacy on plaque and gingivitis in all of the included studies. Out of the eight studies that reported on plaque index, 5 studies found equal efficacy of propolis and CHX in reducing plaque, two studies found superior efficacy in favor of CHX, while one study found superior efficacy in favor of propolis. Six studies assessed gingival inflammation outcome, four of which reported better results with propolis, while two studies reported comparable results. Conclusions The results suggest that propolis-based mouthwashes have potential benefits in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. However, methodological limitations along with small sample sizes in some of the included studies weaken the strength of the evidence. Therefore, further well-designed clinical trials with large sample sizes and adequate follow-up period are recommended to discern the efficacy of propolis mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Analysis of bioactive compounds and chemical composition of Malaysian stingless bee propolis water extracts

Salleh

Hanapiah

Johari

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Propolis is a resinous substance collected by stingless bees containing bioactive compounds which exert various biological properties. The present study focused on the evaluation of chemical profiles produced by three Indo-Malayan stingless bee propolis extracted using water. Fresh propolis was collected from the same area and ecosystem conditions in Selangor, Malaysia, namely Tetrigona apicalis , Tetrigona binghami , and Heterotrigona fimbriata . The bioactive compounds and chemical composition of propolis extracts were then analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results showed that propolis from the three different stingless bee species consisted of major groups such as sugar (31.4%), carboxylic acid (17.1%), terpenoid (14.3%), sugar alcohol (11.4%), hydrocarbon (5.7%), aldehyde (5.7%) amino acid (2.9%) and other constituents (11.4%). Heterotrigona fimbriata displayed the highest amount for both total phenolics (13.21 mg/mL) and flavonoids (34.53 mg/mL) compared to other propolis extracts. There is also no significant difference detected between all samples since p ≤ 0.05. In conclusion, this study shows that Malaysian stingless bee propolis contain bioactive components that have great potential to be used for their therapeutic and medicinal benefits. However, more investigations and analysis of stingless bee propolis need to be carried out in order to enhance the understanding and applications of propolis in the future.

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Effect of Propolis mouthwash on clinical periodontal parameters in patients with gingivitis: A double‐blinded randomized clinical trial

Kiani

Birang

Jamshidian

2021

Int J Dental Hygiene

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Objectives Periodontal diseases have multifactorial aetiology and are primarily caused by pathogenic bacteria. Using antibacterial mouthwashes as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control can effectively improve the quality of oral hygiene maintenance at home. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of a propolis‐containing mouthwash in gingivitis treatment. Methods This clinical trial evaluated 32 patients with gingivitis in two groups (n=16). The intervention group received a mouthwash containing propolis extract while the control group received the same mouthwash without the propolis extract. The papillary bleeding index (PBI), plaque index (PI) and tooth discoloration were evaluated in each patient at baseline (before the intervention) and at 15 and 30 days, after treatment. To facilitate the follow‐up evaluations, the measurements were recorded for the tooth with the most inflamed gingiva in each quadrant (n = 128). The two groups were compared using the Mann‐Whitney test. Results The change in PI was 85.19 ± 51.6% in the propolis and 83.93 ± 36.1% in the placebo group with no significant difference between them (p = 0.91). The reduction in papillary bleeding index was significantly greater in the propolis group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.001). The change in tooth colour over time was significant in the placebo and insignificant in the propolis group (p = 0.14). Conclusions Considering the current findings, it seems that propolis mouthwash can effectively decrease gingival inflammation and bleeding, without causing tooth discoloration or staining. Considering the limitations of this study such as small sample size (based on participants and also number of teeth included in the study), future studies are warranted on this topic.

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Effect of Propolis mouthwash on plaque and gingival indices over fixed orthodontic patients

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review

Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review

Analysis of bioactive compounds and chemical composition of Malaysian stingless bee propolis water extracts

Effect of Propolis mouthwash on clinical periodontal parameters in patients with gingivitis: A double‐blinded randomized clinical trial

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