Effect of Production Environment on Seed Quality of Normal and High-Oleate Large Seeded Virginia-Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

Six Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars and their paired backcross-derived high-oleate lines were grown during 2003 and 2004 in North Carolina to compare standard germination (SG), cool germination (CG), and electrical conductivity (EC) of seed. Oleic acid level had no influence on SG but did alter CG and EC compared to the corresponding normal oleate cultivars. Averaged across background genotypes, high-oleate lines had lower seed vigor than their paired lines with normal oleic content. The high-oleate lines of three of the six pairs had lower CG and higher EC. Planting and harvest date affected all the seed quality traits measured. Standard germination of both normal and high-oleate lines was reduced in 2004 when harvest was delayed, but was not affected in 2003. In 2003, CG of the high-oleate lines was lower than that of normal lines in three of the four production environments; EC was higher in the high-oleate lines in all planting date and harvest date combinations. In 2004, there was no difference between the CG of normal and high-oleate lines, but EC was higher in the high-oleate lines for three of the four environments. In the greenhouse, the Virginia-type cultivars NC-V 11 and Gregory, along with their paired backcross-derived high-oleate lines were compared at 22/18 C, 26/22 C and 30/26 C day/night temperature regimes. Seed oleic to linoleic acid (O/L) ratio of normal peanut grown in 30/26 C, 26/22 C, and 22/18 C, measured 1.9, 1.5, and 1.3, respectively. The O/L ratio for their high-oleate pairs decreased from 24.7 when grown in 30/26 C to 15.9 in 26/22 C and to 13.7 in 22/18 C. Temperature did not affect the fatty acid composition of axis total lipid or phospholipid fractions. The high-oleate trait was expressed in the axis lipids. The average O/L ratio of axes from normal peanut was 1.1 while that of high-oleate lines was 4.6. Likewise, axis phospholipids for normal and high-oleate lines were 1.0 and 5.9. A lower production environment temperature decreased the O/L ratio of seed oil of high-oleic peanut lines, and the high-oleate trait expressed in peanut seed storage lipids is also expressed in axis membrane lipids to a lesser degree.

Growth, productivity and fatty acid composition of oils of peanut genotypes submitted to different levels of water replacement

“…Differences in oil content became significant only under moderate to intense water deficit. Our results, however, are in agreement with previous reports that late-season drought had great effect on total oil content (Sun et al, 2014), or that mid-season drought reduced total oil content (Bhalani and Parameswaran, 1992). This could be due to the differences in genotypes and in the timing and intensity of drought in these studies.…”

“…Peanut is tolerant to water stress conditions but drought conditions have adverse effects on the pod yield and seed quality (Nageswara Rao et al, 1989;Sulc and Franzluebbers, 2014). The effect of drought on the chemical composition of the Peanut seeds has been reported to be limited in the mid-season drought but significant in end-season drought (Sun et al, 2014).…”

Ranges of Vigor Based on the Electrical Conductivity Test in Dehulled Sunflower Seeds

“…The EC test capacity to detect genotypic differences was high, especially in relation to the fatty acid composition, as the high oleic genotype (G3´) showed the worst germination and vigor in both years and statistically differed from their iso-line mid oleic (G4) ( Table 2). This was coincident with Sun et al (2014) who also reported the EC test as the most effective to detect vigor differences in peanut and showed a lower vigor in high oleic genotypes.…”

Electrical conductivity test in the evaluation of physiological quality in seeds of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

“…Dicho análisis reveló confiabilidad en los resultados ya que dicho coeficiente resultó similar a los reportados por Silva et al (2013b) en fríjol e inferior a los encontrados en berenjena por Alves et al (2012) y Lopes et al (2013). A nivel de cultivares se detectó diferencias altamente significativas (Tablas 2 y 3), lo que puede obedecer a una mayor cantidad de lixiviados del cultivar CO015, como consecuencia del deterioro de las membranas celulares, a causa de la humedad como fue evidenciado por Alves et al (2012) en berenjena y Soleymani (2017) en cártamo e igualmente a su constitución genética como fue reportado por Sun et al (2014) en maní y Szemruch et al (2015) en girasol, quienes manifestaron que la germinación, vigor al igual que la velocidad de crecimiento de las plántulas está en función de la cantidad de ácidos grasos. En lo pertinente a la cantidad de semillas se registró diferencias altamente significativas, ya que con 100 semillas se presentó un mayor valor de la conductividad eléctrica.…”