Effect of Processing on Aflatoxin

Park, Douglas L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0629-4_17

Cited by 141 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Aflatoxins are both acutely and chronically toxic for animals and humans and can cause dangerous diseases including acute toxic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma (5,15). AFM1 contamination in dairy products is a global problem threatening public health in all areas of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey on Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk of Fariman City, Khorasan Province, Iran

Riahi-Zanjani

Rahmani

Sorkhabadi

et al. 2015

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Although milk is the valorous source of nutrition, consumption of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contaminated milk induces problems to human health. AFM1 is found in milk when dairy animals are fed with AFB1-contaminated feedstuff. AFM1 remains stable during milk pasteurization and storage as well as during the preparation of various dairy products. Objectives:The aim of the current study was to evaluate AFM1 contamination in raw milk of Fariman city. Materials and Methods: During the summer (July to September, 2012), 45 samples of raw milk were collected randomly from Fariman, Iran. The samples were analyzed with a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: AFM1 was detected in all milk samples. The mean concentration of AFM1 was 11.61 ± 0.72 ng/L with a range of 6.3-23.3 ng/L. None of the samples had levels exceeding the maximum tolerance limit (50 ng/L) accepted by the European Union. Conclusions: AFM1 contamination of milk is not a concern in this city. However, dairy cattle feed samples of various livestocks must be regularly checked for aflatoxin and the storage conditions of feeds should be strictly controlled.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFM1 is a metabolite of AFB1 that could be found in milk when dairy cattle are fed with contaminated feedstuff (4). It is relatively stable to heat and is not degraded during pasteurization process (5). Aflatoxins have shown to be immunosuppressant, mutagen, teratogen and carcinogen to animals and humans (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk of Fariman City, Khorasan Province, Iran

Riahi-Zanjani

Rahmani

Sorkhabadi

et al. 2015

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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“…Cleaning grains removed kernels with extensive mold growth, broken kernels and fine materials, which reduced mycotoxin concentration (Bullerman and Bianchini, 2007). Cleaning of the maize removed 26.6 to 69.4% of the fumonisins (Sydenham et al, 2004), while a 40 to 80% reduction in aflatoxin levels were reported after physical cleaning and separation of mould-damaged kernels and seeds (Park, 2002). However, cleaning was not effective in removing DON; only 6 to 19% reduction was achieved in wheat by cleaning (Abbas et al, 1985).…”

Section: Physical Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in animals: Occurrence, effects, prevention and management

Zaki¹

2012

J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Globalization of the trade in agricultural commodities has contributed significantly to the discussion about potential hazards involved and has increased in particular the awareness of mycotoxins. Safety awareness in food and feed production has also risen due to the simple fact that methods for testing residues and undesirable substances have become noticeably more sophisticated and more available at all points of the supply chain. Mycotoxins comprise of a family of fungal toxins, many of which have been implicated as chemical progenitors of toxicity in man and animals. There are four classes of mycotoxins of major concern namely aflatoxins, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and fumonisins. Formation of mycotoxins varied between species as well as within a given species. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods to counteract the mycotoxin problem have been reported, but large-scale, practical, and cost-effective methods for detoxifying mycotoxin-containing feedstuffs are currently not available. Detoxification strategies for the contaminated foods and feeds should be done to reduce or eliminate the adverse actions of mycotoxin to improve food safety and prevent economic losses. The most recent approach to the problem has been the addition to the animal's diet of nonnutritive sorbents that sequester mycotoxins, reduce their gastrointestinal absorption and avoiding their toxic effects on livestock and toxin carryover into animal products. This review comments on the potential hazards of several mycotoxins together with prevention strategy for fungal and mycotoxin contamination.

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“…Therefore, most of the processing steps during food production such as temperatures below 250 o C have little or no www.intechopen.com effect on their content, which may lead to contaminated finished cereal based products. However, there are some other processing steps such as alkaline cooking, nixtamalization (tortilla process), extrusion, roasting, flaking and modified processing methods that may reduce the aflatoxin content, but cannot eliminate the aflatoxin completely (Arzandeh & Jinap, 2011;Bullerman & Bianchini, 2007;Park, 2002;Perez-Flores, Moreno-Martinez, & Mendez-Albores, 2011;Yazdanpanah, Mohammadi, Abouhossain, & Cheraghali, 2005). Physical sorting is also another effective measure in the reduction of aflatoxins, as high as 40-80% (Bullerman & Bianchini, 2007).…”

Section: Fate Of Aflatoxins During Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%