Mycotoxins in animals: Occurrence, effects, prevention and management

Abstract

Globalization of the trade in agricultural commodities has contributed significantly to the discussion about potential hazards involved and has increased in particular the awareness of mycotoxins. Safety awareness in food and feed production has also risen due to the simple fact that methods for testing residues and undesirable substances have become noticeably more sophisticated and more available at all points of the supply chain. Mycotoxins comprise of a family of fungal toxins, many of which have been implicated as chemical progenitors of toxicity in man and animals. There are four classes of mycotoxins of major concern namely aflatoxins, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and fumonisins. Formation of mycotoxins varied between species as well as within a given species. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods to counteract the mycotoxin problem have been reported, but large-scale, practical, and cost-effective methods for detoxifying mycotoxin-containing feedstuffs are currently not available. Detoxification strategies for the contaminated foods and feeds should be done to reduce or eliminate the adverse actions of mycotoxin to improve food safety and prevent economic losses. The most recent approach to the problem has been the addition to the animal's diet of nonnutritive sorbents that sequester mycotoxins, reduce their gastrointestinal absorption and avoiding their toxic effects on livestock and toxin carryover into animal products. This review comments on the potential hazards of several mycotoxins together with prevention strategy for fungal and mycotoxin contamination.

Effect of monogastric and ruminant gastrointestinal conditions onin vitroaflatoxin B1adsorption ability by a montmorillonite

“…A variety of physical, chemical and biological approaches used to counteract the mycotoxin problem have been reported in the literature (Zaki et al 2012). However, large-scale, practical and cost-effective methods for a complete detoxification of mycotoxin-containing feedstuffs are currently not available.…”

Cross-linked chitosan polymers as generic adsorbents for simultaneous adsorption of multiple mycotoxins

“…Currently, more than 300 mycotoxins have been identified worldwide (Streit et al, 2012;Zaki et al, 2012). The most frequently monitored mycotoxins are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone, trichothecenes and fumonisins (Armando et al, 2012;Hussein & Brasel, 2001;Zaki et al, 2012).…”

“…Mycotoxin contamination in cereal grains and feedstuffs has evoked global concern due to its potential health risk on humans and animals (Hussein & Brasel, 2001;Zaki, El-Midany, Shaheen, & Rizzi, 2012). Currently, more than 300 mycotoxins have been identified worldwide (Streit et al, 2012;Zaki et al, 2012).…”

Application of Modern Biosensors Methods in Ecotoxicological Monitoring of Some Toxins of Natural (Micotoxins) and Antropogenic (Pesticides) Origin. Part 1. Micotoxins.

“…Згідно оцінкам ФАО біля 25% світових зборів зерна контаміновано мікотоксинами. Для контролю рівнів контамінації багато країн ввели норми допустимого вмісту цих сполук у харчових та кормових продуктах [20]. Біль-шість мікотоксинів не розкладається в процесі звичайної обробки сировини, а зберігаються по технологічному ланцюгу до кінцевого про-дукту.…”