Effect of probiotics on diarrhea secondary to chemotherapy for leukemia

Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

“…Endotoxin and LPS can increase gut permeability and thus cause a leaky gut. Probiotics potently decreased the level of endotoxin (SMD, -3.20, 95% CI, -5.41 to -0.98, P = 0.005, I 2 = 97%) in four studies ( 27 , 38 , 44 , 45 ) ( Figure 2C ). Furthermore, compared with placebo, probiotics in three RCTs ( 34 , 39 , 41 ) showed a significant reduction in LPS levels (SMD, -0.47, 95% CI, -0.85 to -0.09, P = 0.02) with low heterogeneity ( I 2 = 48%; Figure 2D ).…”

“…In contrast, two studies ( 22 , 23 ) treated with probiotics for more than three months displayed no significant change in CRP levels ( Table S6 ). TNF-α levels were revealed by pooled data of nine studies ( 22 , 25 , 34 , 37 , 39 – 42 , 45 ) involving 382 people, showed a decreasing change in probiotic groups compared to control groups (SMD, -0.68; 95% CI, -1.24 to -0.13; P = 0.02; Figure 3B ). Further detailed subgroup analysis is presented in Table S7 .…”

“…Across the included studies, the study population mainly combined two kinds of people, patients and athletes. The characteristics of patients are mainly related to hepatic diseases ( 23 , 24 ), acute pancreatitis ( 19 , 31 , 33 ), gastrointestinal diseases ( 20 , 21 , 27 – 29 , 35 , 36 , 42 – 45 ), metabolic disorders ( 26 , 39 ), and acute diseases ( 18 , 30 , 32 , 41 ). Apart from those kinds of patients, there were also RCTs on migraine ( 22 ), early sepsis ( 38 ), and psychological stress ( 37 ).…”

“…Five studies ( 23 , 26 , 38 , 41 , 45 ) reported DAO (SMD, -0.31, 95% CI, -1.03 to 0.40, P=0.39; Figure 2H ; Table 6 ) and two studies ( 44 , 45 ) tested D-LA (MD, -1.95, 95% CI, -4.57 to 0.68, P = 0.15; Figure 2I ), however, no significant changes have been observed.…”

“…Ten RCTs ( 22 , 25 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 45 ) involving 472 people were pooled to examine the effect of probiotics on IL-6 levels. As indicated in the forest plot ( Figure 3C ), consumption of probiotics induced decreased IL-6 levels (SMD, -0.80; 95% CI, -1.51 to -0.10; P = 0.03) with high heterogeneity ( I 2 = 92%).…”