Effect of prior exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae , Helicobacter pylori , or cytomegalovirus on the degree of inflammation and one-year prognosis of patients with unstable angina pectoris or non–q-wave acute myocardial infarction

Role of Infectious and Immune Factors in Coronary and Cerebrovascular Arteriosclerosis

“…Levels of CRP in serum were higher in patients with unstable angina than in patients with stable angina (12). During follow-up, however, CRP levels were not predictive for coronary events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (16).…”

“…Dis. 11:106, 2001), whereas others did not (16,26,29,47,77). Further studies found an association, adequately explained by the much stronger association of H. pylori infection with age, male gender, and social class, which are linked with coronary heart disease (68,87,95).…”

“…Dis. 11:106), whereas others did not (16,27,41,64,98). These conflicting data are again explained by methodological causes (17).…”

“…Dis. 11:106), whereas others did not (16,19,39,41,42,61,63,83,95,100). The main explanations for these controversial findings are that the studies were done in different populations, used different criteria for controls, were adjusted for potential confounders to different degrees, and were, therefore, prone to different biases.…”

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

“…Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis vary from coronary artery disease (CAD) to cerebrovascular disease. Several infectious agents have been related to atherosclerosis so far, including cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Helicobacter pylori and C. pneumoniae , which is the most widely studied pathogen in this context [20][21][22] . These relationships may help to explain cases that cannot be attributed to conventional risk factors, including tobacco, hypertension and high serum lipid levels.…”