Effect of predigested protein on growth and survival of Atlantic halibut larvae (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Abstract

In this study Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) larvae (0.12 + 0.04 g) were, from day 40 post first feeding, offered six diets in which 10% or 30% of the dietary protein was hydrolysed with (a) pepsin (P), (b) pepsin trypsin (PT) or (c) pepsin trypsin chymotrypsin (PTC). In addition, a diet without hydrolysed protein was offered, and enriched Artemia was fed as control. The amount of soluble protein increased progressively with the enzyme treatments P, PT and PTC and with higher inclusion levels of hydrolysed protein. Survival was highest among the larvae offered Artemia (83 + 0%) or the diet 10P (10% pepsin hydrolysed protein; 67 + 4%). The diet 10P supported survival significantly better than the more hydrolysed diets 10PTC, 30P, 30PT and 30PTC, but not significantly better than the non-hydrolysed diet and 10PT. Specific growth rate (SGR) was 1.76 + 0.20 in average for all groups of larvae and was not significantly affected by the diets. Still, the larvae offered pepsin hydrolysed diets tended to have better growth (2.10 + 0.05 SGR; P <0.06) than the larvae offered the other hydrolysed diets. The larvae offered the formulated diets did not differ in chemical composition. Ã 0-diet: non-hydrolysed diet; 10P, and 30P: 10% and 30%, respectively, of the dietary protein was hydrolysed with pepsin; 10PT and 30PT:10% and 30%, respectively, of the dietary protein was hydrolysed with pepsin and trypsin; 10PTC and 30PTC: 10% and 30%, respectively, of the dietary protein was hydrolysed with pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. ²Fish meal extract. See Material and methods and Sola et al. except for a-tocopheryl absorbate supplemented at 200 and ascorbyl palmitate at 400 mg kg À1 . Aquaculture Research, 2002, 33, 311±321 Atlantic halibut larvae fed predigested protein A Kva Êle et al.

The effects of pre-digested protein sources on the performance of early–mid stage Panulirus ornatus phyllosoma

“…This is supported by previous studies on the natural diets of phyllosoma, that suggest a preference for soft, gelatinous zooplankton (Jeffs, 2007;Saunders and Thompson, 2012;Wang et al, 2014b) which contain proximate nutrients in a highly digestible format (Jeffs et al, 2004). Thus, the administration of predigested protein has the potential to alleviate the limited digestive ability of larvae by imitating the nutritional format of their natural prey sources (Johannsdottir et al, 2014;Kvale et al, 2002;Rønnestad et al, 2003). In the present study, the HFM diet evoked a significant effect on the majority of phyllosoma growth and development indices, while producing no detectable effects on survival, proximate composition, or amino acid composition, when compared to the IFM or DFM treatments.…”

“…While the use of pre-digested protein in formulated feeds for larval fish has received moderate attention in the literature (Kolkovski and Tandler, 2000; Kvale et al, 2002;Nankervis and Southgate, 2009;Srichanun et al, 2014), there is very little knowledge available on this topic for larval crustaceans. As such, this study provides the first account on the effects of dietary inclusion of pre-digested protein in formulated diets on early-mid stage P. ornatus phyllosoma.…”

“…Pre-digested protein has been used in formulated diets of various larval fish species to facilitate and maximise digestibility in underdeveloped gut systems (Johannsdottir et al, 2014;Kolkovski and Tandler, 2000;Kvale et al, 2002;Nankervis and Southgate, 2009;Srichanun et al, 2014). It has been shown that diets containing predigested protein increase survival and growth (Lindner et al, 1995;Nankervis and Southgate, 2009;Savoie, 2006), enhance attraction (Lian et al, 2008), reduce deformities (Johannsdottir et al, 2014;Zambonino Infante et al, 1997) and expedite gut development (Cahu et al, 1999) in larval fish.…”

“…Proteins are large nutrients that must be hydrolysed in the digestive tract by proteases into more readily assimilated nutrients such as free amino acids (FAAs). It is only the small molecular weight peptides and free amino acids that can be assimilated into the digestive glands and be effectively utilised by the larvae to promote growth (Hovde et al, 2005;Kaushik and Seiliez, 2010;Kvale et al, 2002;Perera et al, 2005). In lobsters, the efficiency of such assimilation is determined by the quality and quantity of dietary protein, the development stage of the larvae, and the digestibility of the protein source (Jensen et al, 2013;Ward et al, 2003).…”

“…Alternatively, enzyme hydrolysis of protein cleaves peptide bonds, resulting in compounds of reduced molecular size (Geirsdottir et al, 2011;Jaenicke and Rudolph, 1990;Uversky and Yuji, 2009). Smaller peptide chains and FAAs are generally considered easier to absorb and thus increase the level of amino acids available for protein accretion (Buxbaum, 2007;Kaushik and Seiliez, 2010;Kvale et al, 2002).…”