Microparticulate Diets: Technology

Langdon, Chris; Barrows, Rick

doi:10.1002/9780470959862.ch12

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Survival of around 50% has been reported (Lucynski et al, 1986;Rösch & Dabrowski, 1986) in studies using "old generation" microdiets, however, they were performed under more favorable, higher water temperatures (> 8 °C). As we know from previous studies, food particle must be in an adequate physical structure so that they are readily digestible for whitefish larvae and nutritious enough to provide sufficient energy for growth (Holt et al, 2011;Langdon & Barrow, 2011). Food acceptance is strongly influenced by the aroma of the food (Appelbaum, 1980;Dabrowski et al, 1984) and therefore "AgloNorse®" as well as "AgloNorse® Extra" are suspected to allow the larvae to smell the food particles and to identify them as a tempting meal (Kolkovski et al, 1997;Yúfera et al, 2002).…”

Section: Agglomerated Microdiets Compared To Previous Onesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing Larvae of Different Strains of Coregonus lavaretus under Cold Water Conditions: Comparison of a Special Cold-Water Line with a Standard Agglomerated Microdiet

Leithner¹,

Wanzenböck²

2015

JAS

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We studied the performance of a commercial, agglomerated larval microdiet in terms of survival, growth and feed acceptance and compared a dedicated "cold water line" of the product to the standard product involving a Baltic and an Alpine strain of whitefish. Experiments were conducted under cold water conditions < 8 °C (average 5.1 °C) for 60 days after hatching. Replicate tanks of 400 and 200 liter volume received filtered lake water disinfected with ozone and UV light and were stocked with 15 larvae per liter. Daily rations of 4% body weight were manually delivered in six portions every two hours and group samples were taken weekly to determine length, weight and feed acceptance. Dead larvae were removed and counted daily. Before our experiment was influenced by an outbreak of an unknown disease during the last two weeks, we observed similar growth, survival and feed acceptance for each of the feed types with low variability within each of the two strains. Strains showed characteristic differences in growth and survival related to lower feed acceptance during the first four weeks of the Alpine strain. We concluded that the specific cold water line of the commercial microdiet did not provide any advantage compared to the standard product under low temperature conditions. However, differential performance might exist under different temperature regimes.

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Section: Agglomerated Microdiets Compared To Previous Onesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing Larvae of Different Strains of Coregonus lavaretus under Cold Water Conditions: Comparison of a Special Cold-Water Line with a Standard Agglomerated Microdiet

Leithner¹,

Wanzenböck²

2015

JAS

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“…During the last three decades, however, significant advances have been made to replace live feed and inadequate dry diets by newly developed microdiets as a starter feed for various, mainly marine, fish larvae (Holt, Webb, & Rust, ; Kolkovski, , ; Roennestad et al., ). This “new generation” of starter feeds is based on the technology of cold extrusion and agglomeration of ingredients, which make the individual components of the microdiets easier to digest and to avoid dust formation (Holt et al., ; Kolkovski, , ; Langdon & Barrow, ). Several commercial manufacturers now advertise microdiets dedicated to replace live feeds (mainly Artemia nauplii) or at least to advance weaning from live feeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ESMEILMAEH-IEIEHHER MHA MHLHNBÖCK microdiets easier to digest and to avoid dust formation (Holt et al, 2011;Kolkovski, 2008Kolkovski, , 2013Langdon & Barrow, 2011). Several commercial manufacturers now advertise microdiets dedicated to replace live feeds (mainly Artemia nauplii) or at least to advance weaning from live feeds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Suitability of two agglomerated commercial microdiets for rearing larvae of different strains of Coregonus lavaretus under cold-water conditions

Esmaeilzadeh‐Leithner

Wanzenböck

2017

Aquacult Nutr

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The suitability of two agglomerated commercial microdiets ("Gemma micro ® " and "O.range ® " from now on called diet A and diet B) as a starter feed was tested on larvae of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Two strains (Baltic and Alpine) were tested in a 60-day experiment under ambient cold-water conditions (average 7.6 ± 1.9°C). The experiment was carried out in 400-L PVC tanks with a stocking density of 5,000 larvae per tank. Samples were removed weekly to determine growth, survival and feed acceptance, in addition to water quality. Striking differences between the feeds and different strains were observed. For one diet, growth and survival were distinctively higher in strain 1 compared to strain 2, where it was invariably low with both diets. For the second diet, growth and survival in strain 1 were also low and similar to strain 2. Feed acceptance in strain 1 was found higher compared to strain 2.Final weights were significantly different with strain 1 being heavier; however, in terms of relative growth rate, no differences between strains were found. Strong differences in the performance in terms of growth, survival and feed acceptance of different strains of European whitefish became apparent. Furthermore, the rearing of larvae exclusively on standard agglomerated commercial microdiets under cold-water conditions is possible, but not every microdiet is suitable. K E Y W O R D SEuropean whitefish, feed acceptance, growth, Survival

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“…Pinocytotic cells, which presumably develop into gastric glands of the Downloaded by [McGill University Library] at 10:27 03 November 2014 stomach at metamorphosis, could be seen lying immediately next to intestine-like cells in the premetamorphic larvae. The lack of development in larvae that were fed the dry feed may be due to a lack of digestive enzymes, particularly pepsin, and a lack of GI development, as has been suggested by others (Dabrowski and Culver 1991;Ohs 1995;Langdon and Barrows 2011). In addition, I hypothesize that the lack of development in the hybrid striped bass larvae may have been related to osmotic stress due to the ingestion of dry feed with a high osmotic load or (as expressed by Ohs et al 1998) a high density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…High mortality associated with the period of first feeding to metamorphosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis and striped bass hybrids remains problematic for the culture of these fish despite advances in microencapsulation technologies and culture methods (Langdon and Barrows 2011). Striped bass and hybrids have a short yolk sac period, with larval stages that possess a very rudimentary digestive tract (i.e., lacking a functional stomach or gastric glands) and that must undergo complex metamorphosis of the digestive system to survive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultrastructure Study of Diet‐Related Changes in Epithelial Tissue of Hybrid Striped Bass Larvae

Gallagher

2012

N American J Aquac

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This study characterized the ultrastructure of normal epidermal and gastrointestinal epithelial cells of larval hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass M. saxatilis) that were fed live prey (brine shrimp Artemia spp. nauplii) or an artificial dry diet. Scanning electron microscopy of larvae that were given live feed revealed normal epidermal cells with microridge structures and proliferation of neuromasts along the lateral line. Cell junctions had double microridge structures. Transmission electron microscopy of the gut showed keratinized epithelial cells with underlying mucous cells in the foregut, while the midgut was characterized by columnar epithelial cells with extensive pinocytotic activity. The hindgut had columnar epithelial cells with centrally located nuclei, regularly spaced microvilli, and numerous tubular mitochondria surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum. Larvae that received live feed reached metamorphosis by 27 d posthatch (dph), and clearly identifiable gastric glands were present. Larvae that were given the artificial diet did not develop; both epidermal and gastrointestinal cells showed apparent osmotic stress by 10 dph, and the condition worsened through 24 dph. Stress was indicated by loss of microridges in epidermal cells and eventual necrosis. Increased keratinization and reduced pinocytotic activity were observed in midgut cells, whereas hindgut epithelial cells showed dissociation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and reduced numbers of mitochondria. However, tight cell junctions, desmosomes, and double microridges at cell junctions persisted.

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Microparticulate Diets: Technology

Cited by 11 publications

References 113 publications

Rearing Larvae of Different Strains of Coregonus lavaretus under Cold Water Conditions: Comparison of a Special Cold-Water Line with a Standard Agglomerated Microdiet

Rearing Larvae of Different Strains of Coregonus lavaretus under Cold Water Conditions: Comparison of a Special Cold-Water Line with a Standard Agglomerated Microdiet

Suitability of two agglomerated commercial microdiets for rearing larvae of different strains of Coregonus lavaretus under cold-water conditions

An Ultrastructure Study of Diet‐Related Changes in Epithelial Tissue of Hybrid Striped Bass Larvae

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