Effect of Post-Harvest Traditional Technologies on the Nutrient Content and Antioxidant Compounds of Defatted Flours from Ricinodendron heudelotti (Baill. Pierre ex Pax) Seed Kernels

Abstract

Akpi (Ricinodendron heudelotii) is a semi-deciduous plant species indigenous to the coastal nations of West Africa. Its kernels are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. In this article, we performed a nutritional characterization and a phytochemical composition of defatted kernel flours from Ricinodendron heudelotti that were grown in six different regions of Cote d'Ivoire. Classical analytic methods were used to determine the chemical composition. There were significant differences between the samples for all the parameters studied; in addition, both the locality of production and the Ricinodendron heudelotii seed kernels extraction systems showed a noteworthy influence on the mineral and element composition of the defatted flours. The samples were also rich in protein (47.0-61.3%) and energy (330.4-339.2 kcal/100 g). Magnesium (12.0-40.0%) was found to be the predominant mineral. Polyphenols (216.6-403.9 mg/100 g) and oxalates (714.7-972.9 mg/100 g) were the main phytochemical compounds identified. The consumption of defatted kernel flours from Ricinodendron heudelotti may contribute relatively high intake levels of protein, carbohydrate, and mineral macro-and micronutrient (K, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Fe). By performing principal coordinate analysis, the multidimensional scaling plot classified the defatted flours according to the kernel extraction into four main extraction systems: Bondoukou-Lakota-Vavoua diagram, Agboville1 diagram, Divo diagram, and Agboville2 diagram.

Effect of boiling and roasting on the physicochemical properties of Djansang seeds (Ricinodendron heudelotii)

“…Globally, the calcium content of all the samples was ranged between 856 and 2,565 mg/100 g which was significantly higher than 627 mg/100 g as reported by Ene‐Obong et al () with the same seeds. However, the amount of calcium obtained in this study was significantly higher than that reported by Coulibaly, Adam, et al ( and Coulibaly, N'dri, et al (, who demonstrated that the calcium content of Djansang kernel flour ranged between 1.4% and 1.8%. Djansang seed contains some antinutrient compounds like phytate and oxalate (Coulibaly, Adam, et al, ; Coulibaly, N'dri, et al, ).…”

“…However, the amount of calcium obtained in this study was significantly higher than that reported by Coulibaly, Adam, et al ( and Coulibaly, N'dri, et al (, who demonstrated that the calcium content of Djansang kernel flour ranged between 1.4% and 1.8%. Djansang seed contains some antinutrient compounds like phytate and oxalate (Coulibaly, Adam, et al, ; Coulibaly, N'dri, et al, ). Their activity lies in their ability to form complexes with metals like Ca.…”

“…However, the amount of magnesium of the control was significantly lower than that reported by these same authors. The amount of phosphorous and magnesium found in the control and processed Djansang samples in this study were significantly higher than those reported by Coulibaly, Adam, et al ( and Coulibaly, N'dri, et al ( with Ricinodendron heudelotii kernel flour. This is the proof that Djansang seeds are good sources of magnesium and phosphorus.…”

“…It appears that the amount of ash varied from 7.00% to 10.00%. A similar range was reported in the seeds of this same plant by Coulibaly, Adam, et al (2018)) and Coulibaly, N'dri, et al (2018). No significant difference was observed between the ash content of control and that of TRNS 15 min.…”

Effect of dehulling method on the chemical composition of the lipid constituents of the kernels and oils of Ricinodendron heudelotii seeds

“…In the last few years, Riànodendron heudelotii has been used by the National Center for Agronomie Research (CNRA) in Côte d1voire as part of an agroforestry system based on cocoa plantations, and in ex perimental fields, with a view to its domestication. There are two main reasons for wanting to domesticate Ricinodendron heudelotii: (i) the fruits, the kernels of which are rich in oil and sold on most of the markets of West Africa for use as a seasoning and thickening agent in various African dishes (Coulibaly et al, 2018) and Ciü Ricinodendron heudelotii is accepted by foresters in Côte d1voire as a canopy tree in cocoa plantations. This tree has been the subject of several scientific studies in recent https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111614…”