Effect of positive In(III) doped in nickel oxide nanostructure at modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of allura red in soft drink powders

Detection of Allura Red in Food Samples Using Carbon Paste Modified with Lanthanum and Titanium Oxides

“…[43] Cyclic voltammetry is a very versatile tool to study and characterize the properties of an electrode such as mass transport and active area. [18,21,17] These reports are clear evidence of the utility of carbon electrodes as an essential raw material in the development of electrochemical sensors. [44][45][46][47] In these reports, the authors highlight the increased activity of the electrode modified with lanthanum oxide, which allows the development of more sensitive, stable, and selective methodologies.…”

“…Normally, AR is oxidized at anodic peak potentials between 0.3 and 0.7 V. [17,23] In this case, AR (0.12 mmol/L) was oxidized at 0.85 V (Figure 1A) using CPE, Ti OX /CPE and La-Ti OX /CPE, where it was observed that these electrodes require more energy to oxidize AR, but the increase in the anodic current is very significant with La-Ti OX /CPE (curve c), where the increase in the anodic peak current compared to CPE (curve a) and Ti OX /CPE (curve b) is almost 160 %. This increase was from 15.5 to 50.77 μA.…”

“…The detection limit of this report is compared with those of previous reports summarized in Table 3. The most sensitive electrodes for AR detection are modified with ionic liquids and Ni ChemistrySelect nanoparticles [13][14][15][16][17] Although this new report is not as sensitive compared with previous reports, the amount of AR in food allows its detection using this new sensor. Also, this new sensor is simpler and cheaper to produce.…”

“…[8][9][10] Some materials used for the development of modified electrodes include polymers, carbon nanotubes, ionic liquids, graphene and surfactants, where detection limits between 0.008 and 0.05 μmol/L have been reported. [11][12][13][14][15] On the other hand, the most commonly used substances in the modification of electrodes for AR detection are metal cations such as oxides, including cobalt oxide Co 3 O 4 , NiO, MoO 3 and Mn 3 O 4 , [16][17][18][19] as nanoparticles [11,20] and as complexes. [21,22] On the other hand, cobalt and titanium oxides combined with graphene have been used to detect AR, where a detection limit of 0.05 μmol/L was reported.…”

“…On the other hand, carbon electrodes are the most used for the development of modified electrodes, in some cases they have been used with Ca‐doped ZnO for detection of antihistamine drug, [40] Carbendazim [41] and Trimethoprim [42] and Silver‐Doped Titania for Furantril [43] . Cyclic voltammetry is a very versatile tool to study and characterize the properties of an electrode such as mass transport and active area [18,21,17] . These reports are clear evidence of the utility of carbon electrodes as an essential raw material in the development of electrochemical sensors [44–47] …”