Highly sensitive voltammetric determination of Allura Red (E129) food colourant on a planar carbon fiber sensor modified with shungite

Fast on-Site and Highly Sensitive Determination of Allura Red Using a Portable Electrochemical Platform Based on Poly(pyrrole) and Bimetallic Nanocomposites Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide

“…The oxidation of AR involves the transfer of one electron and one proton, based on electrochemical oxidation studies proposed by Bukharinova et al, which used a planar carbon fiber electrode (PCFE) modified with shungite. 3 Analytical performance of the platform.-Figure 7a displays square wave voltammograms for different concentrations of Allura red. According to the linear regression Eq.…”

“…The use of synthetic dyes has been associated with potential allergic and neurotoxic reactions, causing various health problems such as compromised immunological function, sleep disturbances, asthma, headaches, and hyperactivity in kids. 3 Allura red (AR), also known as E129, is an artificial water-soluble azo dye that is often used in various beverages and food products to provide an interesting red hue. 4 For the protection of the safety of consumers, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established a permissible threshold for the presence of AR dye in non-alcoholic flavored beverages, with a maximum allowable concentration of 100 mg l −1 .…”

“…5 Therefore, the determination of Allura red dye content in nonalcoholic drinks to evaluate their safety is essential within the field of analytical chemistry. 3,6 Given the importance of human health, it is crucial to use a fast, sensitive, and precise method to determine the presence of Allura red dye. Several techniques have been employed so far for the determination of AR, including fluorescence, 7,8 UV-vis spectrophotometry, 9 high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors such as ultraviolet-visible and diode array (HPLC-UV-DAD), 10 and flow injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (FIA-MPA).…”

“…These methods possess characteristics that make them uncomplicated to use, cost-effective, rapid reaction time, integration into portable devices, potential for miniaturization, accurate, sensitive, and without requiring significant amounts of reagents. 3,12,13 Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) have attracted significant interest in the field of electrochemical techniques. They exhibit many advantages over conventional electrodes, including the fact that they are user-friendly, cheap, and portable, thus facilitating the progress of miniaturized electrochemical detection devices; 14 they may be used effectively for small quantities; and they also offer a way for the creation of sensors that are precise, reproducible, and sensitive.…”

Integration of Riboflavin-Modified Carbon Fiber Mesh Electrode Systems in a 3D-Printed Catheter Hub

“…One possible limitation, however, would be whether or not the carbon fiber mesh electrode possesses the electrochemical characteristics necessary for facilitating the unambiguous identification of pH. The adoption of carbon fiber as the foundation of an electrochemical sensor has been widely used for sensing applications—typically for the detection of neurotransmitters [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] and other biologically relevant agents [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In this case, carbon fiber electrodes were functionalized with riboflavin, and the pH-sensitive nature of its electrochemical properties was harnessed as an indirect means of measuring pH [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”