Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide on Lipopolysaccharide and Sevoflurane-Induced Postoperative Cognitive dysfunction in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells

Abstract

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a complication of surgery characterized by acute cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment, and loss of attention. The effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on the POCD environment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sevoflurane exposure were investigated in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and WST-8 assays were performed to determine cell viability. Cyclic adenosine-3,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Immunocytochemistry was performed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and western blotting for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Results: Induction of the POCD environment reduced cell viability in the MTT and WST-8 assays. PDRN treatment reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in POCD conditions, and significantly increased cAMP concentrations and the p-CREB/ CREB ratio. PDRN treatment activated adenosine A2A receptors and then increased the expression of VEGF and BDNF, which had been reduced by LPS and sevoflurane exposure. Conclusions: PDRN treatment showed a therapeutic effect on the LPS and sevoflurane-induced POCD environment. PDRN was shown to have an excellent therapeutic effect on POCD, not only by promoting rapid anti-inflammatory effects in damaged cells, but also by enhancing the expression of BDNF and VEGF.

Swimming Exercise Ameliorates Symptoms of MOG-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Inflammation and Demyelination in Rats

“…ELISA was used to detect the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lumbar spinal cord tissue. This assay was conducted according to the manufacturer' s protocol using an enzyme immunoassay kit (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as described previously [22,23].…”

Combination Therapy With Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Pirfenidone Alleviates Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells

“…The cells were maintained in RPMI1640 medium (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum, 100-μg/mL streptomycin, and 100-IU/mL penicillin. The cells were cultured under the condition of 37°C and 5% CO2, as the previously described method [15,16]. This experimental procedure was approved by the Institutional Care and Use Committee of Kyung Hee University (KHUASP[SE]-18-036).…”

“…To determine the viability, A549 cells were plated at a density of 1 × 10 4 cells/well in a 96-well plate, as the previously described method [15,17]. For the induction of ARDS environment, 1-μg/mL LPS (Escherichia coli serotype 026:B6; Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) and 5-ng/mL TGF-β (Kolon Pharm., Seoul, Korea) were treated.…”

“…The supernatants were collected to measure CTGF (Wuhan Fine Biotech Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China) and hydroxyproline (Wuhan Fine Biotech Co. Ltd.) concentration by ELISA, as the previously described method [15,18]. To induce the ARDS environment, 1-μg/mL LPS and 5-ng/mL TGF-β were treated.…”

“…A549 cells were plated at a density of 1 × 10 6 cells/dish in 100mm dish, as the previously described method [15,19]. To induce the ARDS environment, 1-μg/mL LPS and 5-ng/mL TGF-β were added.…”