Effect of polar/nonpolar groups in comb-type copolymers on cold flowability and paraffin crystallization of waxy oils

Xu, Jun; Xing, Shili; Qian, Huiqin; Chen, Sheng; Wei, Xiaoming; Zhang, Rui; Li, L i; Guo, Xuhong

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.027

Cited by 95 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, if the concentration of AS is above 0.3 wt %, the yield stress of gelled model oil begins to increase. When the concentration of AS rises from 0.3 to 1.0 wt %, the yield stress is increased from 64.9 to 94.4 Pa, which is consistent with the other research . This phenomenon is probably due to that large asphaltene aggregates, which are poorly dispersed at a high concentration may serve as nucleation sites and benefit the growth of wax crystals …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Synthesis of comb‐type copolymers with various pendants and their effect on the complex rheological behaviors of waxy oils

Wang

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To improve the flowability of waxy crude oil containing a high concentration of asphaltenes (AS), novel comb-type copolymers of poly(maleic acid polyethylene glycol ester-co-a-octadecene) (PMAC) and poly(maleic acid aniline amide-co-a-octadecene) (AMAC) with various grafting ratios (R g ) of PEG/aniline to maleic anhydride are synthesized. Model oils containing wax mixtures and AS are prepared to explore the effect of asphaltene concentration and the copolymers on the yield stress. The influence of the copolymers on the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of Liaohe high waxy oil is examined by rheological and microscopic methods. Experimental flow curves of shear stress as a function of shear rate are fitted following the Casson model to interpret the rheological properties of gelled waxy crude oil in the presence of AMACs, PMACs, and MAC. Compared with MAC, PMACs, and AMACs are more efficient in reducing the yield stress of both model oil and crude oil, which indicates a better flowability. It is found that PMAC1.0 and AMAC1.0 with a medium R g can balance the interaction of copolymers with waxes and AS and reduce the yield stress much more than others. Between them, AMAC1.0 that possesses aromatic pendants is better than PMAC1.0, which only has polar pendants.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Synthesis of comb‐type copolymers with various pendants and their effect on the complex rheological behaviors of waxy oils

Wang

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…τ y is defined as the stress below which no flow occurs . An operational definition of τ y is adopted as the stress at the transition between the creep and liquidlike viscosity regimes, where τ y can be identified as the stress for which the derivative is a maximum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, we synthesized poly(maleic acid alkylamide‐ co ‐α‐octadecene) copolymers (MACs) . They significantly improved the flowability of model waxy oils and crude oils from the Halliburton and Tomark Industries .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow improvement of Liaohe extraheavy oil with comb‐type copolymers

Jiang

Wei

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Liaohe extraheavy oil is a kind of special crude oil with high paraffin and asphaltene contents and a pour point of up to 60 C. To improve its flowability, comb-type poly(maleic alkylamide-co-a-octadecene) copolymers (MACs) with various amidation ratios were synthesized and used. Model oils containing paraffin mixtures with the same average carbon number to Liaohe extraheavy oil with and without asphaltene were prepared to explore the effect of the MACs on paraffin crystallization and asphaltene dispersion, respectively. We found that MACs reduced the yield stress, changed the size and shape of the paraffin crystals, and obstructed the paraffin crystallization for both model oils and extraheavy Liaohe oils as observed by rheology, polarizing light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The MACs seemed to be an ideal candidate for improving the flowability of Liaohe extraheavy oils.

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“…Therefore, the flow improvers (additives) reduced the pour point, viscosity, and yield stress by cocrystallizing with normal paraffin molecules to inhibit the growth of wax crystals, implying a balance between the rates of crystal growth and cocrystallization [31].…”

Section: Viscosity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel allyl-ester-based polymers as flow improvers for waxy crude oil

Ashmawy

Elnaggar

Mohamed

et al. 2021

CI&CEQ

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The deposition of paraffin wax from crude oil at low temperatures due to wax deposition, high pour point, high viscosity, and weak flow capability is among the critical and persisting challenges faced by the petroleum industry. In this study, a new para-decyloxy allyl benzoate (I10) was prepared, polymerized into HI10, and copolymerized with dioctadecyl maleate into MHI10 via the free-radical polymerization method employing azobisisobutyronitrile and toluene as the initiator and solvent, respectively. The prepared monomer was characterized by spectroscopic analyses (Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR)) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Further, the polymers were characterized by FT-IR, and their average molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The prepared compounds were taken in different concentrations and then tested as flow improvers of Qarun waxy crude oil using pour point depression and rheological parameters. The results of this test indicated that MHI10 exerted the highest effect on pour point reduction and the rheological parameters (yield value and apparent viscosity). Moreover, an increase in the efficiency of the additives was observed after increasing their concentration from 1000 to 5000 ppm.

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Effect of polar/nonpolar groups in comb-type copolymers on cold flowability and paraffin crystallization of waxy oils

Cited by 95 publications

References 21 publications

Synthesis of comb‐type copolymers with various pendants and their effect on the complex rheological behaviors of waxy oils

Synthesis of comb‐type copolymers with various pendants and their effect on the complex rheological behaviors of waxy oils

Flow improvement of Liaohe extraheavy oil with comb‐type copolymers

Novel allyl-ester-based polymers as flow improvers for waxy crude oil

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