Flow improvement of Liaohe extraheavy oil with comb‐type copolymers

Jiang, Hejian; Xu, Jun; Wei, Xiaoming; Wang, Tongshuai; Wang, Weina; Li, Li; Guo, Xuhong

doi:10.1002/app.40082

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…DSC curves of MO and CO in the presence and absence of copolymers during cooling are shown in Figure . All of the cooling curves of CO exhibit two distinct peaks, which is probably due to the existence of two groups of crystallizable paraffins whose carbon numbers are significantly different . It is found that the addition of copolymers shifts the onset of paraffin crystallization to a lower temperature and reduces the enthalpy (area of exothermic peaks) of the transition upon cooling for both MO and CO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…All of the cooling curves of CO exhibit two distinct peaks, which is probably due to the existence of two groups of crystallizable paraffins whose carbon numbers are significantly different. 35 It is found that the addition of copolymers shifts the onset of paraffin crystallization to a lower temperature and reduces the enthalpy (area of exothermic peaks) of the transition upon cooling for both MO and CO. These effects follow a ranking of MACB > MACP > MACO, coinciding with the rheological and PLM observations.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…33−36 It seems that the structure of copolymers can significantly affect their effectiveness and working mechanism. 30,32,35,36 However, the influences of the pendant structure in MAC on their modification effect for oil flow ability have not been studied systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, various kinds of chemical additives are commonly applied, such as ethylene butane copolymers (PE–PEB), , ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), and alkyl esters of styrene–maleic anhydride derivatives. ,− Polar and nonpolar pendants can be found along their backbone structure, which may play different roles. − In our previous work, comb-type poly(maleic anhydride-α-octadecene) copolymers (MAC) with various pendants, such as octadecyl (MACO) or phenyl (MACP) pendants, were found to be effective in improving the flow ability of waxy crude oils. − It seems that the structure of copolymers can significantly affect their effectiveness and working mechanism. ,,, However, the influences of the pendant structure in MAC on their modification effect for oil flow ability have not been studied systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Heteroaromatic Pendants in Comb Copolymers on Paraffin Crystallization and Cold Flow Ability of Crude Oil

Zhao

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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Adding comb copolymers as chemical additives is considered an effective and convenient method to improve the cold flow ability of crude oils. To improve the effectiveness of comb copolymers on the flow ability modification for crude oils with asphaltenes, poly(maleic acid amide-α-octadecene) with benzimidazolyl pendants (MACB) were designed and synthesized. In comparison to reported comb maleic anhydride copolymers (MAC) with octadecyl (MACO) or phenyl (MACP) pendants, MACB with heteroaromatic pendants are more efficient in reducing the yield stress of both model oil and Liaohe crude oil, as revealed by rheological measurements, in modifying the morphology of wax crystals, as observed by polarizing light microscopy (PLM), in lowering the wax appearance temperature (WAT) and quantity of wax precipitation, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in decreasing the crystallinity of paraffins, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The benzimidazolyl pendants in MACB can provide both hydrogen bonding by amino groups and π−π stacking by benzyl groups with asphaltenes in crude oil, which improves the interactions with asphaltens and, thus, the effectiveness in modification the cold flow ability of crude oils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Heteroaromatic Pendants in Comb Copolymers on Paraffin Crystallization and Cold Flow Ability of Crude Oil

Zhao

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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“…Nowadays, blending crude oil with low concentration of polymer additives appears to be a more effective way of solving those problems caused by wax precipitation. Several kinds of comb‐type polymer additives such as poly(ethylene‐butene) (PEB) and poly(maleic anhydride ‐co‐α‐ olefin) derivatives (MAC) have been reported as cold flow improvers for waxy oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of comb‐type copolymers with various pendants and their effect on the complex rheological behaviors of waxy oils

Wang

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To improve the flowability of waxy crude oil containing a high concentration of asphaltenes (AS), novel comb-type copolymers of poly(maleic acid polyethylene glycol ester-co-a-octadecene) (PMAC) and poly(maleic acid aniline amide-co-a-octadecene) (AMAC) with various grafting ratios (R g ) of PEG/aniline to maleic anhydride are synthesized. Model oils containing wax mixtures and AS are prepared to explore the effect of asphaltene concentration and the copolymers on the yield stress. The influence of the copolymers on the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of Liaohe high waxy oil is examined by rheological and microscopic methods. Experimental flow curves of shear stress as a function of shear rate are fitted following the Casson model to interpret the rheological properties of gelled waxy crude oil in the presence of AMACs, PMACs, and MAC. Compared with MAC, PMACs, and AMACs are more efficient in reducing the yield stress of both model oil and crude oil, which indicates a better flowability. It is found that PMAC1.0 and AMAC1.0 with a medium R g can balance the interaction of copolymers with waxes and AS and reduce the yield stress much more than others. Between them, AMAC1.0 that possesses aromatic pendants is better than PMAC1.0, which only has polar pendants.

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Controlling the wax crystallization behaviors via the ratio of phenyl to aliphatic branches in block copolymer synthesized by RAFT copolymerization

Zhang,

Yan,

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The precipitation and deposition of waxes in high waxy crude oil often result in the low throughput and clogging of pipeline. Adding polymers is a practical approach to solve these problems. In this study, poly(styrene‐co‐docosyl maleate)s (PSDMs) were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The chemical structure and molecular weight of copolymers were characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The ratio of phenyl to aliphatic branches varies from 10:8 to 25:8. The crystallization and morphology of waxes in model oil were investigated by x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized light microscopy. The cold flow behaviors of crude oil were evaluated by rheological methods. With the increase of the ratio of phenyl to aliphatic branches, the crystallinity, viscosity, and yield stress of crude oil first increase and then decrease. In the presence of PSDM‐2, the crystallinity and enthalpy of phase transition (ΔH) are reduced by 44.2% and 48.9%. Thus, the pour point, viscosity, and yield stress of crude oil are reduced by 6.0°C, 76.8% and 77.4%, respectively. Therefore, well‐defined PSDMs are promising to be remarkable flow improvers for waxy crude oils.

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Flow improvement of Liaohe extraheavy oil with comb‐type copolymers

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Heteroaromatic Pendants in Comb Copolymers on Paraffin Crystallization and Cold Flow Ability of Crude Oil

Effect of Heteroaromatic Pendants in Comb Copolymers on Paraffin Crystallization and Cold Flow Ability of Crude Oil

Synthesis of comb‐type copolymers with various pendants and their effect on the complex rheological behaviors of waxy oils

Controlling the wax crystallization behaviors via the ratio of phenyl to aliphatic branches in block copolymer synthesized by RAFT copolymerization

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