Effect of plant-based diets with varying ratios of ω6 to ω3 fatty acids on growth performance, tissue composition, fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid-related gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Feeding Whole Thraustochytrid Biomass to Cultured Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fingerlings: Culture Performance and Fatty Acid Incorporation

“…This aspect was addressed in our study by tracing compound specific carbon isotope ratios for individual fatty acids. Similar techniques were used in Hixson et al (2014) [29] and Katan et al (2019) [30]. Nonetheless, future research on fatty acid metabolism from thraustochytrid biomass as a replacement for fish oil will need to be performed in larger fish-fed formulations containing very low proportions of fish meal (<10%) as is now employed in modern diet formulations by the global salmon industry.…”

“…There was nearly twice the level of 20:4ω6 in the TO diet than in the TB diet, but the difference was much smaller in the final fish carcass probably because of selective retention and/or desaturation and elongation of 18:2ω6. Katan et al (2019) [30] reported that LC-PUFA synthesis in liver of farmed Atlantic salmon (specifically 20:5ω3 and 20:4ω6) was largely driven by dietary 18:3ω3 and 18:2ω6, even when 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 were supplied at levels above minimum requirements. Although replacement of fishmeal with plant-based diets generally does not affect the overall health and growth of the fish, a range of Figure 2.…”

“…The error bars indicate the standard deviation, and there were no significant differences in the ratios, except for 18:4ω3 (p = 0.004) and 20:4ω6 (p ≤ 0.001). Katan et al (2019) [30] reported that LC-PUFA synthesis in liver of farmed Atlantic salmon (specifically 20:5ω3 and 20:4ω6) was largely driven by dietary 18:3ω3 and 18:2ω6, even when 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 were supplied at levels above minimum requirements. Although replacement of fishmeal with plant-based diets generally does not affect the overall health and growth of the fish, a range of studies have observed a reduced level of LC-PUFA (including DHA and EPA) which indicates the heightened importance of fish oil used in modern fish feed formulations [19,20,29,31].…”

Influence of Dietary Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and ω6 to ω3 Ratios on Head Kidney Lipid Composition and Expression of Fatty Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism Genes in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

“…Salmonids have a capacity to desaturate and elongate the precursors 18:3ω3 and 18:2ω6 to LC-PUFA metabolites (Tocher et al, 2000;Hixson et al, 2014;Katan et al, 2019). The enzymes involved in the bioconversion of both ω3 and ω6 pathways are the fatty acyl desaturases (FADS2D5, FADS2D6a, FADS2D6b and FADS2D6c: Zheng et al, 2005;Monroig et al, 2010) and fatty acyl elongases (ELOVL5a, ELOVL5b, ELOVL2, ELOVL4a and ELOVL4b: Hastings et al, 2004;Morais et al, 2009;Carmona-Antoñanzas et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2019).…”

THE EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTION IN CHICKEN(Gallus gallus L.) FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT VEGETABLE OILS

“…В целом результаты выполненного исследования согласуются с представлениями о том, что качество животноводческой продукции зависит от растительного масла, использованного в рационах. Так, подсолнечное масло улучшает жирнокислотный профиль молока и его окислительную стабильность у молочных коров (32), а в аквакультуре добавление сои и льняного семени с различным соотношением ω6-ω3 жирных кислот влияет на ростовые показатели, состав тканей, биосинтез жирных кислот и экспрессию липидных генов у атлантического лосося (Salmo salar) (33). У курнесушек размеры и качество яиц, а также биохимические показатели крови зависели от того, какое масло (рыбий жир, кокосовое и соевое масло) было включено в состав рациона (34), что связано с пищеварительной функцией поджелудочной железы.…”