Effect of Pilates Exercise Training on Serum Osteocalcin and Parathormone levels in inactive and overweight women

Abstract

Introduction: Experimental evidence suggests positive effects of physical activity on skeletal mass. Biochemical markers determine the response rate of bone metabolism to physical activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates exercise training on serum osteocalcin and parathormone levels in inactive and overweight women. Methods: 28 healthy overweight women participated in this quasi-experimental study. They were randomly divided into two groups: exercise group (n=14) and control group (n=14). Pilates exercise training was performed during 12 weeks (3 sessions per week, 60 min per session). Blood samples of osteocalcin and parathormone were collected in two stages of fasting, 48 hours before and after exercise. The serum levels of osteocalcin and patathormone was measured by the ELISA method. For analyzing within-group data and between-group data paired t-test and ANCOVA test were performed, respectively. Results: Post-test data showed a significant increase in osteocalcin (P=0.017) and parathormone levels (P=0.015) compared to pre-test data. But in between group comparison, only a significant increase in the amount of osteocalcin in exercise training compare to control group was observed (P=0.03). Conclusion: Based on the results, three months of Pilates exercise training program can change some biochemical markers levels of bone metabolism in inactive and overweight women. In this regard, Pilates exercise may reflect some mechanisms involved in the positive effect of physical activity on bone mass.

Pilates for Overweight or Obesity: A Meta-Analysis

“…Then we initially screened out 2,502 articles through title and abstract, and the remaining 60 were considered highly relevant. Finally, we further excluded 49 studies by means of reading full text according to our study selection criteria, leaving 11 studies (Cakmakçi, 2011 ; Gorji et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Chaudhary, 2016 ; Savkin and Aslan, 2016 ; Khormizi and Azarniveh, 2017 ; Khajehlandi et al, 2018 ; Chen J. et al, 2020 ; Jung et al, 2020 ; Tyagi and Kumar, 2020 ; Wong et al, 2020 ) for inclusion in this analysis ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…All included studies were RCTs involving 393 adults with overweight or obesity. The studies were from Korea (Jung et al, 2020 ), Turkey (Cakmakçi, 2011 ; Savkin and Aslan, 2016 ), Iran (Gorji et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Khormizi and Azarniveh, 2017 ; Khajehlandi et al, 2018 ), the USA (Wong et al, 2020 ), India (Chaudhary, 2016 ; Tyagi and Kumar, 2020 ), and China (Chen J. et al, 2020 ). These studies were published between 2011 and 2020, and the intervention duration varied from 8 to 24 weeks, with the sample size ranging from 20 to 61 participants.…”

“…The participants were mostly female (77.1%). Nine studies (81.8%) only recruited women (Cakmakçi, 2011 ; Gorji et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Savkin and Aslan, 2016 ; Khormizi and Azarniveh, 2017 ; Khajehlandi et al, 2018 ; Chen J. et al, 2020 ; Jung et al, 2020 ; Wong et al, 2020 ), and another two (18.2%) only recruited men (Chaudhary, 2016 ; Tyagi and Kumar, 2020 ). In terms of the definition of overweight and obesity, all 11 studies used BMI.…”

“…Three studies recruited participants with hypertension (Wong et al, 2020 ), type 2 diabetes (Khormizi and Azarniveh, 2017 ), and depression (Chen J. et al, 2020 ), other studies recruited participants with no reported existing medical conditions. Regarding the measurement method of body composition, four studies (Gorji et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Savkin and Aslan, 2016 ; Wong et al, 2020 ) used bioelectric impedance analysis device, three studies (Chaudhary, 2016 ; Khajehlandi et al, 2018 ; Tyagi and Kumar, 2020 ) used body composition analyzer, one study (Jung et al, 2020 ) used a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, two studies (Cakmakçi, 2011 ; Chen J. et al, 2020 ) did not specify, and the remaining one (Khormizi and Azarniveh, 2017 ) did not measure. The characteristics of the included studies are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Psychophysiological Adaptations to Pilates Training in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Topical Review

“…Hence, such an alternative muscle-strengthening activity may provide an inclusive environment and exceptional improvements in functional task outcomes [ 49 ]. However, in the present review, only one study investigated flexibility [ 53 ] and maximal aerobic capacity [ 60 ] in this cohort, highlighting the gap in the literature concerning strong evidence related to the efficacy of Pilates training on physical and motor fitness parameters in individuals with overweightness and obesity. On the other hand, a few studies investigating the Pilates training method have shown that it can be an effective exercise mode for increasing functional capacity, flexibility, balance, posture, and muscular performance in various healthy and clinical populations [ 74 , 83 , 84 ].…”