Effect of phytase-xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diets on energy metabolism in growing–finishing pigs fed ad libitum

Moehn, Soenke; Atakora, J. K. A.; Sands, J. S.; Ball, Ronald O.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.118

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Most researchers believe that adding xylanase to wheat-based diets is beneficial for nutrient digestibility and gastro intestinal micro-ecology [30,35]. Woyengo et al [12] added graded levels of phytase and xylanase to the diet of pigs weighing 20 and 60 kg and found these enzymes only increased phosphorus, calcium and apparent AA digestibility which was similar to the results of Moehn et al [40] and Lindberg et al [9]. Atakora et al [13] added phytase-xylanase to a low protein and low phosphorus wheat-based diet and discovered an increased digestibility of NDF and phosphorus which was similar to our experiment (digestibility of CP and phosphorus were increased).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, and pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets

Yang

Fan

Cao

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveTwo experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adding exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, as well as pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and the performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets.MethodsIn Experiment 1, forty-eight barrows with an initial body weight of 35.9±0.6 kg were randomly assigned to a 2×4 factorial experiment with the main effects being feed form (pellet vs meal) and enzyme supplementation (none, 10,000 U/kg phytase, 4,000 U/kg xylanase or 10,000 U/kg phytase plus 4,000 U/kg xylanase). The basal diet contained 97.8% wheat. Pigs were placed in metabolic cages for a 7-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Nutrient digestibility and available energy content were determined. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effects of pelleting and enzymes on performance of wheat for growing pigs. In this experiment, 180 growing pigs (35.2±9.0 kg BW) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments according to a 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement with the main effects being feed form (meal vs pellet) and enzyme supplementation (0, 2,500 or 5,000 U/kg xylanase).ResultsIn Experiment 1, there were no interactions between feed form and enzyme supplementation. Pelleting reduced the digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 6.4 percentage units (p<0.01), increased the digestibility of energy by 0.6 percentage units (p<0.05), and tended to improve the digestibility of crude protein by 0.5 percentage units (p = 0.07) compared with diets in mash form. The addition of phytase improved the digestibility of phosphorus (p<0.01) and calcium (p<0.01) by 6.9 and 7.6 percentage units respectively compared with control group. Adding xylanase tended to increase the digestibility of crude protein by 1.0 percentage units (p = 0.09) and increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p<0.01) compared with control group. Supplementation of the xylanase-phytase combination improved the digestibility of phosphorus (p<0.01) but impaired NDF digestibility (p<0.05) compared with adding xylanase alone. In Experiment 2, adding xylanase increased average daily gain (p<0.01) and linearly improved the feed:gain ratio (p<0.01) compared with control group.ConclusionPelleting improved energy digestibility but decreased ADF digestibility. Adding xylanase increased crude protein digestibility and pig performance. Phytase increased the apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium. The combination of phytase-xylanase supplementation impaired the effects of xylanase on NDF digestibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, and pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets

Yang

Fan

Cao

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“…A further beneficial effect of these enzymes may be a reduction in CH 4 production by enteric bacteria, which are linearly related to fibre ingestion. However, Moehn et al (2007) observed a tendency for increased CH 4 emissions despite xylanase supplementation.…”

Section: Feed Additivesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Most studies have argued that feed supplementations that improve nutrient digestibility and growth performance in pigs potentially reduce pollutant gas emissions on an absolute scale and per product unit (Moehn et al, 2007). However, this statement has rarely been experimentally tested and validated.…”

Section: Feed Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses: Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure

Philippe¹,

Nicks²

2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

174

100

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A B S T R A C TThe environmental impacts of livestock production are attracting increasing attention, especially the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Currently, pork is the most widely consumed meat product in the world, and its production is expected to grow in the next few decades. This paper deals with the production of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) by animals and by manure from pig buildings, with a focus on the influence of rearing techniques and nutrition. GHG emissions in piggeries originate from animals through CO 2 exhalation and CH 4 enteric fermentation, and from manure through the release of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O. The level of the CO 2 exhalation (E-CO 2, pig ) depends on the physiological stage, the body weight (BW), the production level and the feed intake of the animals concerned. Enteric CH 4 (E-CH 4, pig ) is principally related to dietary fibre intake and the fermentative capacity of the pig's hindgut. Based on a review of the literature, the following equations are proposed in order to estimate E-CO 2, pig (in kg day À1) and E-CH 4,pig (in g day À1 ) for fattening pigs: E-CO 2,; E-CH 4,pig = 0.012 Â dRes; with BW (in kg) and dRes for digestible residues (in g day À1 ). Numerous pathways are responsible for GHG production in manure. In addition, the microbial, physical and chemical properties of manure interact and modulate the level of emissions. Influencing factors for removal systems for both liquid and solid fractions of manure have been investigated. A large range of parameters showing an impact on the level of GHG production from pig houses has been reported. However, few of these can be considered unquestionably as GHG mitigation techniques because some strategies have shown contradictory effects depending on the gas, the circumstances and the study. Nevertheless, frequent manure removal seems to be an efficient means to reduce concurrently CO 2 -, CH 4 -and N 2 O-emissions from pig buildings for both slatted and bedded floor systems. Manure removal operations may be associated with specific storage conditions and efficient treatment in order to further reduce emissions. Several feeding strategies have been tested to decrease GHG emissions but they seem to be ineffective in reducing emissions both significantly and durably. In general, good management practices that enhance zootechnical performance will have beneficial consequences on GHG emission intensity. Taking into account the results described in the literature regarding CO 2 -, CH 4 -and N 2 Oproduction from animals and manure in pig houses, we estimate total GHG emissions to 448.3 kg CO 2 equiv. per slaughter pig produced or 4.87 kg CO 2 equiv. per kg carcass. The fattening period accounts for more than 70% of total emissions, while the gestation, lactation and weaning periods each contribute to about 10% of total emissions. Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O contribute to 81, 17 and 2% of total emissions from pig buildings, representing 3.87, 0.83 and 0.11 kg CO 2 equiv. per kg carcass, re...

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“…Indirect calorimetry can assess whole body use of energy (Moehn et al, 2007). In a nutrient balance study (quantitative collection of feces and urine), whole body use of N and other nutrients but not energy can be determined.…”

Section: Noninvasive Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch and fiber properties affect their kinetics of digestion and thereby digestive physiology in pigs

Zijlstra

Jha

Woodward

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Traditionally in swine nutrition, analyses of starch and fiber have focused on assessing quantity; however, both have a wide range of functional properties making them underappreciated nutrients. Starch ranging from low to high amylose changes from rapidly digestible in the upper gut to poorly digestible but fermentable in the lower gut thereby changing from a source of glucose to VFA source. Likewise, fibers ranging from low to high viscosity affect digesta flow and from slowly to rapidly fermentable alter production of VFA serving as energy for the gut or whole body. Our hypothesis is that total extent, kinetics, and site of digestion or fermentation of starch and fiber are important for whole body nutrient use and intestinal health. To elucidate their effects, we developed in vitro, lab-based methodologies to describe kinetics of digestion and fermentation and linked these with in vivo models including i) ileum cannulation to collect digesta, ii) portal-vein catheterization to sequentially sample blood, iii) slaughter method to collect site-specific intestinal tissue and digesta, and iv) indirect calorimetry. Using these methods, kinetics of nutrient absorption was associated with pancreatic and intestinal hormones released into the portal vein, intestinal microbiota, and gene expression in intestinal tissue and microbiota. These studies confirmed that slowly digestible starch is partially degraded in the distal small and large intestine and fermented into VFA including butyrate (10-fold increase in net portal appearance), which reduces insulin responses by 60% and whole body energy use. Starch entering the distal intestine altered mRNA abundance of nutrient transporters and was bifidogenic. Extremely viscous purified fiber dampened glycemic responses and reduced digesta passage rate by 50% thereby increasing ileal digestion of dietary nutrients whereas increased fiber in feed grains reduced nutrient digestibility. Fermentable fiber increased butyrate and insulin production. These methods will therefore support elucidation of mechanisms that link starch and fiber properties to whole body nutrient use and intestinal health.

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Effect of phytase-xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diets on energy metabolism in growing–finishing pigs fed ad libitum

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, and pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets

Effects of exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, and pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets

Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses: Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure

Starch and fiber properties affect their kinetics of digestion and thereby digestive physiology in pigs

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