Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Slag and Flux on the Removal Rate of Oxide Inclusion from Molten Steel

Park, Jun Seok; Park, Joo Hyun

doi:10.1007/s11663-016-0789-4

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Calcium fluoride is a known fluidizer, and its addition decreases the viscosity of the slag, which is beneficial to inclusion removal. Due to increase of the mass transport coefficient, the addition of small amount of CaF 2 into a tundish type slag, have been reported to result in significant increase of the rate of alumina dissolution …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic slags have higher capacity to absorb alumina inclusions from steel than acid slags and the dissolution rate of Al 2 O 3 and MgO · Al 2 O 3 has been reported to increase with increasing slag basicity. The dissolution rate has also found to be greater in the presence of high thermodynamic driving force between slags and inclusions, that is, the difference in concentration between the saturation and the bulk composition for the dissolving species . Adding various additive components, within a basic tundish flux has also be found to enhance inclusion removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several studies to develop better covering slags for tundishes have been performed to absorb non‐metallic inclusions from steel. For effective removal of inclusions, basic fluxes are preferred . Basic slags have higher capacity to absorb alumina inclusions from steel than acid slags and the dissolution rate of Al 2 O 3 and MgO · Al 2 O 3 has been reported to increase with increasing slag basicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adding various additive components, within a basic tundish flux has also be found to enhance inclusion removal. Addition of CaF 2 , NaF, or Na 2 O into tundish type slag resulted in significant increase of the rate of alumina dissolution due to increse of driving force for dissolution and decrease of slag viscosity. However, Yu et al reported that Na 2 O has minimal effect on cleanliness of 321 stainless steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Improving Cleanliness of 16MnCrS5 Case Hardening Steels by Optimized Active Tundish Flux

Kekkonen

Leuverink²,

Holappa

2017

steel research int.

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The aim of this study is to determine the optimal chemical composition of the tundish flux, which can efficiently absorb macro and micro inclusions from 16MnCrS5 case hardening steel. Computation of phase diagram is used as an approach to understand properties and behavior of tundish slags in casting conditions. Thermodynamic computation of steel − slag reactions is performed to find out the capability of different tundish slags to absorb inclusions. Industrial trials are, then, carried out with the slags to verify their functionality, when casting several heats in sequence. Results show that by tailoring tundish slag composition the steel cleanliness can be improved. Basic Ca–Mg–aluminate type slags have potential for wide use, as they can be easily adjusted chemically stable against the steel and have ability to absorb inclusions. The slag optimization is, however, a complex issue depending for example on the steel grade.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improving Cleanliness of 16MnCrS5 Case Hardening Steels by Optimized Active Tundish Flux

Kekkonen

Leuverink²,

Holappa

2017

steel research int.

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“…In fact, the residual SiO 2 inclusions are equivalent to the products of the reaction of silicon and oxygen, and the driving force for their removal is highly dependent on the properties of the slag. Valdez et al [21] and Park et al [22] suggested that the dissolution of the inclusion into the slag is controlled by the slag phase mass transfer and that the total dissolution time of the inclusion into the slag (τ) is given by Equation (9). This result qualitatively implies that the driving force of the dissolution of the inclusion and the viscosity of the slag directly affect the removal rate of inclusion by the slag.…”

Section: Deoxidation By Secondary Refiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation of High-Purity Iron (99.987%) Employing a Process of Direct Reduction–Melting Separation–Slag Refining

Sun

et al. 2020

Materials

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In this study, high-purity iron with purity of 99.987 wt.% was prepared employing a process of direct reduction–melting separation–slag refining. The iron ore after pelletizing and roasting was reduced by hydrogen to obtain direct reduced iron (DRI). Carbon and sulfur were removed in this step and other impurities such as silicon, manganese, titanium and aluminum were excluded from metallic iron. Dephosphorization was implemented simultaneously during the melting separation step by making use of the ferrous oxide (FeO) contained in DRI. The problem of deoxidization for pure iron was solved, and the oxygen content of pure iron was reduced to 10 ppm by refining with a high basicity slag. Compared with electrolytic iron, the pure iron prepared by this method has tremendous advantages in cost and scale and has more outstanding quality than technically pure iron, making it possible to produce high-purity iron in a short-flow, large-scale, low-cost and environmentally friendly way.

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Characterization of Multiphase Mixtures of Calcium Aluminates and Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Using Time‐Gated Raman Spectroscopy

Gyakwaa

Aula

Vuolio

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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In aluminum‐killed calcium‐treated steels, the characterization of multiphase oxides found in the CaO–MgO–Al2O3 system is essential for the study of inclusion formation, modification, and the control process. Herein, Raman spectroscopy is used as a characterization technique for the multiphase mixtures of MgO·Al2O3 spinel and calcium aluminate phases of C12A7, C3A, and CA. Multiphase samples of C12A7–CA–MA and C12A7–C3A–MA are synthesized from MgO·Al2O3 spinel and calcium aluminates with varying phase content. The relative intensity of the Raman peaks is qualitatively used for the most primary phases present in the sample. Regression models are also identified for predicting the phase composition. Prediction model identification is conducted using the successive projection algorithm (SPA) for feature selection and the partial least squares regression (PLS) model as a regressor. The identified prediction models show a reasonably good prediction performance. Herein, the time‐gated Raman spectroscopy technique to characterize the multiphase mixture of magnesium aluminate spinel and calcium aluminate phases of CA, C12A7, C3A is used, and the potential application for inclusion characterization is demonstrated.

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Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Slag and Flux on the Removal Rate of Oxide Inclusion from Molten Steel

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Improving Cleanliness of 16MnCrS5 Case Hardening Steels by Optimized Active Tundish Flux

Improving Cleanliness of 16MnCrS5 Case Hardening Steels by Optimized Active Tundish Flux

The Preparation of High-Purity Iron (99.987%) Employing a Process of Direct Reduction–Melting Separation–Slag Refining

Characterization of Multiphase Mixtures of Calcium Aluminates and Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Using Time‐Gated Raman Spectroscopy

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