Effect of physical training on glucose tolerance and on glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle in anaesthetized normal rats

Berger, Michael; Kemmer, F. W.; Becker, Klaus; Herberg, L.; Schwenen, M.; Gjinavci, A.; Berchtold, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf01219795

Cited by 95 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that exercise-training, which enhances insulin sensitivity in normal rats [2,3], could ameliorate the abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism associated with experimentally induced insufin deficiency. The experimental results strongly suggest that this is the case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is reason to believe that all of these metabolic abnormalities might be ameliorated if insulin sensitivity could be enhanced, and recent evidence has demonstrated that exercise-training can lead to increased insulin sensitivity in normal rats [2,3]. Given these observations, it seemed reasonable to see if exercisetraining could prevent the rise in plasma glucose and TG concentrations that develop in rats with streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of exercise-training on the metabolic manifestations of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat

Reaven

Chang

1981

Diabetologia

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Summary. Streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency of a moderate degree was produced in exercisetrained and sedentary young rats, and determinations made of subsequent changes in plasma glucose, triglyceride, and insulin concentrations. Exercise-training attenuated the rise in both plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations associated with insulin deficiency. Plasma insulin levels were, if anything, lower in exercise-trained rats. Thus, the beneficial effects of exercise-training on plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations could not be due to the preservation of endogenous insulin secretion, and appear to be secondary to enhanced insulin sensitivity.Key words: Streptozotocin, exercise-training, diabetic hypertriglyceridaemia, insulin deficiency, glucose, triglyceride, insulin.Plasma concentrations of glucose and triglyceride (TG) are elevated in rats with even a moderate degree of streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency [1]. There is reason to believe that all of these metabolic abnormalities might be ameliorated if insulin sensitivity could be enhanced, and recent evidence has demonstrated that exercise-training can lead to increased insulin sensitivity in normal rats [2,3]. Given these observations, it seemed reasonable to see if exercisetraining could prevent the rise in plasma glucose and TG concentrations that develop in rats with streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency.vidually in exercise wheel cages (Wahman Co., Timonium, Maryland, USA), and allowed to run at their own pace. The cages, as supplied by the manufacturer, consist of a rotating wheel cage with the number of revolutions/day recorded by a cyclometer attached to the wheel axis plus an adjoining feed cage. In order to maximize exposure to the wheel, we replaced the feed cage attachment with a small feeding trough large enough to hold 4-5 days food supply. Thus, the exercising animals remained entirely in the wheel portion of the cage to run at will and feed on laboratory chow ad lib from the attached feeding trough. Preliminary studies indicated that approximately two out of three of the rats placed in the modified exercise wheel cages showed a progressive increase in running activity and average between 2.0-2.5 miles/day after 10 days exposure. Animals unable to attain a level of 2.5 miles/day were excluded from the study.Two kinds of experiments were conducted. In the first series of experiments the rats were divided into two groups at the outset -exercised and sedentary -and maintained in this manner for 21 days. On the morning of day 21, all animals were injected in the tail vein with 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin (SZ). Following this, the rats were returned to their original status for another 10 days: i. e., sedentary rats were placed back in conventional cages and exercise-trained rats placed back in exercise cages. Food was removed at 0800 h on the morning of day 31, rats were decapitated at 1300 h, and blood taken for determination of plasma glucose [4], TG [5], and insulin [6] concentrations. All biochemical determinations we...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise-training on the metabolic manifestations of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat

Reaven

Chang

1981

Diabetologia

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“…21 -23 On the other hand, exercise training in rats has repeatedly been reported to be associated with an enhanced insulin sensitivity. 24,25 We recently reported that exercise training in OVX rats results in an improvement of the insulin-resistant condition without any reduction in body weight. 7 From the present data, it may be suggested that a reduction in body fat contributes to the exercise training-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity in OVX rats.…”

Section: Body Composition In Ovariectomized Trained Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical training on body composition and organ weights in ovariectomized and hyperestrogenic rats

Shinoda

2002

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether regular endurance-type exercise can benefit rats submitted to a model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced obesity with or without estrogen replacement. SUBJECTS: OVX Sprague-Dawley rats were compared to an ovariectomized-estradiol-treated group (OVXE2) and a Shamoperated (Sham) group. Each of these groups were subdivided into a sedentary and a treadmill-trained (8 wk) group. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: An experimental study in which various parameters, including fat depots, blood lipids and several organ weights were measured. RESULTS: Plasma levels of 17b-estradiol and uterus weights were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in OVX compared to Sham and significantly (P < 0.01) higher in OVXE2 (hyperestrogenic) compared to Sham rats. Body weights were significantly (P < 0.01) different among groups, in the following decreasing order: OVX, Sham and OVXE2. The average daily food intake and food efficiency were significantly (P < 0.01) increased in OVX compared to Sham, whereas estradiol treatment diminished this effect (P < 0.01). Exercise training did not alter any of the above-mentioned variables in any of the three estrogen groups. Mesenteric and subcutaneous fat weights were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by OVX. This increase was abolished by estrogen replacement or by exercise training. Exercise training also decreased fat weights in OVXE2 and Sham rats. OVX resulted in a decrease in the weights of several other tissues (femur, heart, lungs, liver and adrenal glands) while hyperestrogenic replacement resulted in an increase in weight of all measured tissues. Aside from fat depots, exercise training did not affect any of the tissue weights with the exception for an increase in the weight of the plantaris muscle and adrenal glands and a decrease in lung weight in all three estrogen groups. CONCLUSION: In OVX animals, exercise training may bring about positive changes in body composition (ie reduction in fat weights) despite an ovariectomy-induced increase in body weight.

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“…Receivedfor publication 26 November 1984 and in revisedform 18 March 1985. increases in insulin-mediated glucose metabolism (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), but even this limited information, obtained using isolated systems or in vitro techniques, may not accurately reflect the in vivo response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training on in vivo insulin action in individual tissues of the rat.

James¹,

Kraegen²,

Chisholm³

1985

J. Clin. Invest.

131

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It has previously been suggested that exercise training leads to increased whole body insulin sensitivity. However, the specific tissues and metabolic pathways involved have not been examined in vivo. By combining the euglycemic clamp with administration of glucose tracers, [3H12-deoxyglucose (2DG), ['4Clglucose, and [Hkglucose, in vivo insulin action at the whole body level and within individual tissues has been assessed in exercise-trained (ET, running 1 h/d for 7 wk) and sedentary control rats at four insulin doses. Whole body insulin sensitivity was significantly increased in ET. In addition, the skeletal muscles, soleus, red and white gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and diaphragm all showed increased sensitivity of insulin-stimulated 2DG uptake with training. With the exception of EDL, no significant difference in insulinmediated glycogen synthesis between control and ET could be found. Therefore, the increased insulin-induced 2DG uptake observed in muscle following training is apparently directed towards glucose oxidation. In ET animals, adipose tissue exhibited a significant increase in insulin-mediated 2DG uptake and 1[4Cjglucose incorporation into free fatty acids but there was no difference from control in any parameters measured in lung or liver. EDL and white gastrocnemius, which are not primarily involved during exercise of this type, also demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity following training. In conclusion, exercise training results in a marked increase in whole body insulin sensitivity related mainly to increased glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle. This effect may be mediated by systemic as well as local factors and is likely to be of therapeutic value in pathological conditions exhibiting insulin resistance.

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Effect of physical training on glucose tolerance and on glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle in anaesthetized normal rats

Cited by 95 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of exercise-training on the metabolic manifestations of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat

Effect of exercise-training on the metabolic manifestations of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat

Effects of physical training on body composition and organ weights in ovariectomized and hyperestrogenic rats

Effects of exercise training on in vivo insulin action in individual tissues of the rat.

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