Effects of exercise training on in vivo insulin action in individual tissues of the rat.

James, David E.; Kraegen, Edward W.; Chisholm, Donald J.

doi:10.1172/jci112019

Cited by 132 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition to our results, studies of animals have indicated that muscle is the major site of increased insulin sensitivity after exercise, whereas adipose tissue contributes to a lesser extent to the increased insulin sensitivity. 15,16 In contrast to TNF-a, we found no signi®cant associations between the changes in soluble TNF-RI and TNF-RII and the changes in anthropometric and glucose metabolism parameters. The reason for this discrepancy is not well understood; however, we observed signi®cant decreases in soluble TNF-RI and TNF-RII levels after exercise.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Moderate-intensity regular exercise decreases serum tumor necrosis factor-α and HbA1c levels in healthy women

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of moderate-intensity regular exercise on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a a (TNF-a a) and glucose and lipid metabolism parameters. DESIGN: Longitudinal intervention study of a 5 month exercise training program (30 ± 45 minaday, 4 ± 5 daysaweek). SUBJECTS: Forty-one healthy Japanese women aged 41 ± 69 y at baseline; 27 participants in the exercise program. MEASUREMENTS: Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), percentage body fat, and fasting levels for serum TNF-a a, serum soluble TNF receptor p55 (TNF-RI) and TNF receptor p75 (TNF-RII), serum lipids, HbA 1c , and serum insulin before and after exercise. RESULTS: In overweight to obese subjects, serum levels of TNF-a a, TNF-RI and TNF-RII were signi®cantly higher than those in lean subjects. There were signi®cant correlations between log serum TNF-a a and BMI, percentage body fat, WHR, HbA 1c and log insulin. TNF-RI was signi®cantly correlated with BMI, percentage body fat, WHR and HbA 1c . TNF-RII was also associated with BMI, percentage body fat and WHR. However, the correlation between TNF-RII and HbA 1c did not reach statistical signi®cance. Neither TNF-RI nor TNF-RII was correlated with log insulin. In contrast, TNF-a a, TNF-RI and TNF-RII were negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol. Regular exercise decreased BMI, percentage body fat, HbA 1c , serum TNF-a a, TNF-RI and TNF-RII and increased HDL cholesterol levels. In addition, exercise-induced change in serum TNF-a a was independently correlated with changes in HbA 1c and serum insulin, after being adjusted for the change in fat-free mass. CONCLUSION: Changes in serum TNF-a a that occur with exercise may play an important role in improving glucose metabolism parameters.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Moderate-intensity regular exercise decreases serum tumor necrosis factor-α and HbA1c levels in healthy women

et al. 2000

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“…Insulinstimulated glucose transport activity in morbidly obese patients at the time of gastric bypass was 50% of nonobese nondiabetic patients, published previously (5), and these data are now presented together with our previous work. The values for glucose transport in patients after weight loss reveal an approximately twofold increase in maximal glucose transport activity from 25.3±3.3 to 48.2±7.3 nmol/g dry wt per min (P < 0.01). Thus, weight loss restored maximal insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose transport activity to 88% of normal, nonobese patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Restoration of insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle of morbidly obese patients after weight loss. Effect on muscle glucose transport and glucose transporter GLUT4.

Friedman¹,

Dohm²,

Leggett-Frazier³

et al. 1992

J. Clin. Invest.

171

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A major defect contributing to impaired insulin action in human obesity is reduced glucose transport activity in skeletal muscle.This study was designed to determine whether the improvement in whole body glucose disposal associated with weight reduction is related to a change in skeletal muscle glucose transport activity and levels of the glucose transporter protein GLUT4. Seven morbidly obese (body mass index = 45.8±2.5, mean ± SE) patients, including four with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), underwent gastric bypass surgery for treatment of their obesity. In vivo glucose disposal during a euglycemic clamp at an insulin infusion rate of 40 mU/mi per min was reduced to 27% of nonobese controls (P < 0.01) and improved to 78% of normal after weight loss of 43.1±3.1 kg (P < 0.01). Maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in incubated muscle fibers was reduced by _ 50% in obese patients at the time of gastric bypass surgery but increased twofold (P < 0.01) to 88% of normal in five separate patients after similar weight reduction. Muscle biopsies obtained from vastus lateralis before and after weight loss revealed no significant change in levels of GLUT4 glucose transporter protein. These data demonstrate conclusively that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of mobidly obese patients with and without NIDDM cannot be causally related to the cellular content of GLUT4 protein. The results further suggest that morbid obesity contributes to whole body insulin resistance through a reversible defect in skeletal muscle glucose transport activity. The mechanism for this improvement may involve enhanced transporter translocation and/or activation. (J. Clin.

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“…These results could be explained by the glucose-lowering effects of exercise through increased GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle, leading to higher insulin sensitivity (James et al 1985, Terada et al 2001. This higher insulin sensitivity also explains the higher liver glycogen concentration in the C-Ex group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of running wheel training on adult obese rats programmed by maternal prolactin inhibition

Boaventura

Casimiro-Lopes

Pazos‐Moura

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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The inhibition of maternal prolactin production in late lactation leads to metabolic syndrome and hypothyroidism in adult offspring. Physical training is a therapeutic strategy that could prevent or reverse this condition. We evaluated the effects of a short-duration low-intensity running wheel training program on the metabolic and hormonal alterations in rats. Lactating Wistar rats were treated with bromocriptine (Bro, 1 mg twice a day) or saline on days 19, 20, and 21 of lactation, and the training of offspring began at 35 days of age. Offspring were divided into sedentary and trained controls (C-Sed and C-Ex) and sedentary and trained Bro-treated rats (Bro-Sed and Bro-Ex). Chronic exercise delayed the onset of weight gain in Bro-Ex offspring, and the food intake did not change during the experimental period. At 180 days, visceral fat mass was higher (C46%) in the Bro-Sed offspring than in C-Sed and Bro-Ex rats. As expected, running capacity was higher in trained animals. Most parameters observed in the Bro-Sed offspring were consistent with hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome and were reversed in the Bro-Ex group. Chronic exercise did not influence the muscle glycogen in the C-Ex group; however, liver glycogen was higher (C30%) in C-Ex group and was unchanged in both Bro offspring groups. Bro-Ex animals had higher plasma lactate dehydrogenase levels, indicating skeletal muscle damage and intolerance of the training program. Low-intensity chronic training is able to normalize many clinical aspects in Bro animals; however, these animals might have had a lower threshold for exercise adaptation than the control rats.

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Effects of exercise training on in vivo insulin action in individual tissues of the rat.

Cited by 132 publications

References 38 publications

Moderate-intensity regular exercise decreases serum tumor necrosis factor-α and HbA1c levels in healthy women

Moderate-intensity regular exercise decreases serum tumor necrosis factor-α and HbA1c levels in healthy women

Restoration of insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle of morbidly obese patients after weight loss. Effect on muscle glucose transport and glucose transporter GLUT4.

Effects of running wheel training on adult obese rats programmed by maternal prolactin inhibition

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