Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer Disease

Lautenschlager, Nicola T.; Cox, Kay L.; Flicker, Leon; Foster, Jonathan; Bockxmeer, Frank M. van; Xiao, Jianguo; Greenop, Kathryn R.; Almeida, Osvaldo P.

doi:10.1001/jama.300.9.1027

Cited by 1,425 publications

(1,139 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…While previous studies 4, [15][16][17][18] have reported that physical fitness confers significant benefits on cognitive function and memory in young adults and in independent older subjects, the current study demonstrated that physical activity can significantly improve cognitive and frontal lobe function in semi-independent elderly individuals, including the physically frail.…”

Section: ⅳ．Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Home Based Exercise Effects on Cognition in the Semi-Independent Elderly

et al. 2011

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This study sought to determine whether aerobic exercise training affects cognitive functioning among semi-independent (> 75 years) and independent elderly people. Seventysix semi-independent and independent elderly subjects were divided into the following groups: semi-independent control (n = 16); semi-independent training (n = 13); independent control (n = 22); independent training (n = 25). During the 12-week intervention, subjects in both training groups performed a bench-stepping exercise at the intensity of the lactate threshold. Subjects were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Frontal Assessment Battery test (FAB), the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS), and a bench-stepping test of aerobic capacity. During the intervention, FAB scores improved only in the semi-independent training group (p = .002), while 3MS and MMSE scores improved in both the semi-independent training (p = .032 and p = .004) and independent training groups (p = .001 and p = .013). FAB and 3MS scores were higher in the semi-independent training (p = .001 and p = .002) compared with the semi-independent control group after the intervention. Finally, post-intervention scores for FAB, and 3MS in the semi-independent training group almost reached the baseline levels of the independent control and independent training groups. These results indicate that moderate intensity bench-stepping exercise training can improve cognitive and frontal lobe functioning in semi-independent elderly people, almost to the level exhibited by independent elderly people.(Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med., 60（ 4 ）: 379-386 (2011))

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Section: ⅳ．Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Home Based Exercise Effects on Cognition in the Semi-Independent Elderly

et al. 2011

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“…Recently, 2 RCTs reported an improvement of cognitive function in an elderly population. 7,8 Most of the current clinical evidence for the benefits of physical activity on the prevention of AD relies on epidemiologic studies. 9 Most of these studies investigated the relationship between physical activity and the risk of dementia or AD in particular.…”

Section: Physical Activity and The Prevention Of Dementia Ad Or Cogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colcombe and Kramer 65 in 2003 performed a meta-analysis of 18 interventional studies published between 1966 and 2001 and reported a significant but selective 8 published the first trial to show that a physical activity program (about 20 min/d) modestly improved the cognitive function of 170 older adults with subjective and objective mild cognitive impairment. An average improvement of 1.3 points on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) relative to the usual care control group after 6 months and 0.69 points at 18 months was reported.…”

Section: Physical Activity and The Prevention Of Dementia Ad Or Cogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In the absence of curative treatment, physical exercise seems a reasonable basis for prevention trials. 6 Only a few large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) 7,8 have been conducted to show the benefit of physical activity on brain health. They support the benefit of physical activity on cognitive decline but none have shown that physical activity can prevent dementia.…”

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Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

Rolland¹,

Kan²,

Vellas³

2010

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

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“…In the late 1990s and early 2000s, trials essentially tested non-ADspecific drugs or re-tested approved AD drugs as 'secondary' prevention strategies. More recently, lifestyle interventions, including multidomain interventions, have prevailed and some have shown promising results [67][68][69][70][71]. Today, with our revised conceptualization of the disease process, and trial design improvements, pharmacological interventions are once again being tested.…”

Section: New Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention Studies in Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress Towards the Development of New Therapeutics

2015

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is a major cause of disability and dependency amongst older people. AD drugs approved so far are symptomatic treatments and are not thought to affect the underlying disease process. Trials conducted with agents aiming to slow or stop disease progression in patients with AD have all failed, perhaps because they were tested too late in the disease process. Therefore, there has been a move towards prevention of AD. This paper presents an overview of trials testing pharmacological interventions for sporadic AD prevention. Those tested to date were initially developed for the treatment of AD or for the treatment of other conditions, rather than being specifically developed for AD prevention. Associated issues, such as evidence of 'proof-of-concept,' doses and safety, are discussed. A major shift has taken place in the methodology of AD prevention trials since the results of the first trials were published in the 1990s. New directions that are currently being considered in ongoing or future prevention trials are discussed, in terms of endpoints, target populations, and study design. The use of AD-specific drugs to prevent AD in high-risk individuals is currently limited by a lack of validated predictive and surrogate markers. Population approaches, such as lifestyle changes, are an alternative strategy that could be of public health interest, but may provide only limited benefits for individuals. The best chance of preventing AD may come from a combination of individual and population prevention approaches. Key PointsFollowing the failure of treatment trials in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD), there has been a move towards prevention of AD.To date, no specific pharmacological intervention has been developed for sporadic AD prevention and trial results have been disappointing.A major shift has taken place in the methodology of AD prevention trials and new directions are being considered in terms of endpoints, target populations, and study design.

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Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer Disease

Cited by 1,425 publications

References 48 publications

Home Based Exercise Effects on Cognition in the Semi-Independent Elderly

Home Based Exercise Effects on Cognition in the Semi-Independent Elderly

Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

Prevention Studies in Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress Towards the Development of New Therapeutics

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