Effect of photoperiod on the fish innate immune system: a link between fish pineal gland and the immune system

Esteban, M. Ángeles; Cuesta, Alberto; Rodrı́guez, Alejandro; Meseguer, José

doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00362.x

Cited by 66 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The several clock genes identified may have immunological implications inAtlantic cod because they were highly expressed in immune-related organs and tissues, such as blood, liver, mid-intestine, gills, kidney, spleen and skin. In fact, it has been shown that the immune response in fish is regulated in a daily or seasonal pattern, and is affected by photoperiod conditions [40], [41], [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Rhythmicity of Clock Gene Transcripts in Atlantic Cod Fast Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The classical notion of a centralized clock that governs circadian rhythmicity has been challenged with the discovery of peripheral oscillators that enable organisms to cope with daily changes in their environment. The present study aimed to identify the molecular clock components in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and to investigate their daily gene expression in fast skeletal muscle. Atlantic cod clock genes were closely related to their orthologs in teleosts and tetrapods. Synteny was conserved to varying degrees in the majority of the 18 clock genes examined. In particular, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2 (arntl2), RAR-related orphan receptor A (rora) and timeless (tim) displayed high degrees of conservation. Expression profiling during the early ontogenesis revealed that some transcripts were maternally transferred, namely arntl2, cryptochrome 1b and 2 (cry1b and cry2), and period 2a and 2b (per2a and per2b). Most clock genes were ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, suggesting the possible existence of multiple peripheral clock systems in Atlantic cod. In particular, they were all detected in fast skeletal muscle, with the exception of neuronal PAS (Per-Arnt-Single-minded) domain-containing protein (npas1) and rora. Rhythmicity analysis revealed 8 clock genes with daily rhythmic expression, namely arntl2, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (clock), npas2, cry2, cry3 per2a, nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (nr1d1), and nr1d2a. Transcript levels of the myogenic genes myogenic factor 5 (myf5) and muscleblind-like 1 (mbnl1) strongly correlated with clock gene expression. This is the first study to unravel the molecular components of peripheral clocks in Atlantic cod. Taken together, our data suggest that the putative clock system in fast skeletal muscle of Atlantic cod has regulatory implications on muscle physiology, particularly in the expression of genes related to myogenesis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Rhythmicity of Clock Gene Transcripts in Atlantic Cod Fast Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the winter months (when the daily dark photoperiod is long), melatonin is produced for a greater length of time relative to the shorter dark photoperiod of summer days in vertebrates [25]. These light-dark rhythms and the consequential changes in the level of melatonin in serum also influence many processes in fish such as sedation, skin pigmentation, oxygen consumption, osmoregulation, thermoregulation, food intake, shoaling behavior, and, as more recently described, immunity [7,8,32,36–41]. In addition to light, melatonin production in fish is also affected by water temperature.…”

Section: Melatonin and Biological Rhythms In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to light, melatonin production in fish is also affected by water temperature. Higher levels of melatonin have been reported in fish maintained at a high temperature than in the same fish species maintained at lower temperatures [32]. Therefore, the immune response seems to be altered in daily/yearly cycles, and these changes appear to be related to water temperature.…”

Section: Melatonin and Biological Rhythms In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Melatonin on the Immune System of Fish: A Review

Esteban

Chaves-Pozo

Meseguer

2013

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endocrine-immune system interactions have been widely demonstrated in mammals, whereas in fish, these relationships remain unclear. Of the organs that constitute the endocrine system, the pineal gland and its secretory product melatonin act in the synchronization of daily and seasonal rhythms in most vertebrates, including fish. Seasonal differences in immunocompetence and disease prevalence have been well documented in humans. Seasonality also strongly influences the life history of fish by controlling the timing of physiological events, such as reproduction, food intake, locomotor activity, and growth performance. Apart from its synchronizing capabilities, the role of melatonin in physiological processes in fish is not thoroughly understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize current studies on the effects of melatonin on the fish immune system. These studies suggest that melatonin represents an important component of fish endocrine-immune system interactions. The elucidation of the defense mechanisms of fish will facilitate the development of health management tools to support the growing finfish aquaculture industry as well as address questions concerning the origins and evolution of the immune system in vertebrates.

show abstract

“…Similar daily rhythms in chemotaxis and neutrophil migration have been described in human, mice and cows [7–9]. Diurnal rhythms in innate immune functions have been described in fishes, gilthead seabream and sea bass [44]. Both, the time of exposure of immunocompetent cells to an antigen [45,46] and the response to challenge of the immunized organism after the introduction of the antigen [45–49] show circadian variations in human subjects and animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Daily and Seasonal Rhythms in Immune Responses of Splenocytes in the Freshwater Snake, Natrix piscator

Tripathi¹,

Singh²,

Pati

2015

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Present study was designed to examine daily and seasonal variability in the innate immune responses of splenocytes in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator. Animals were mildly anesthetized and spleen was aseptically isolated and processed for macrophage phagocytosis, NBT reduction, nitrite production, splenocyte proliferation and serum lysozyme activity. Samples were collected at seven time points, viz., 0000, 0400, 0800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 0000 h during three different seasons, namely summer, winter and spring. Cosinor analysis revealed that percent phagocytosis had a significant 24-h rhythm during summer and spring seasons. The peaks of rhythms in NBT reduction and nitrite release occurred in the morning hours at 10.88 h and 8.31 h, respectively, in winter. A significant 24-h rhythm was also observed in lysozyme concentration and splenocyte proliferation (both Basal and Concanavalin A stimulated) in all three seasons. A significant phase shift in splenocyte proliferation was obtained with a trend of delayed phase shift from winter to spring and from spring to summer. Of the nine variables, significant annual (seasonal) rhythms were detected in almost all variables, excluding phagocytic and splenosomatic indices. All rhythmic variables, except spleen cellularity, exhibited tightly synchronized peaks coinciding with the progressive and recrudescence phases of annual reproductive cycle. It is concluded that the snake synchronizes its daily and seasonal immune activity with the corresponding external time cues. The enhancement of immune function coinciding with one of its crucial reproductive phases might be helping it to cope with the seasonal stressors, including abundance of pathogens, which would otherwise jeopardize the successful reproduction and eventual survival of the species.

show abstract

Effect of photoperiod on the fish innate immune system: a link between fish pineal gland and the immune system

Cited by 66 publications

References 58 publications

Daily Rhythmicity of Clock Gene Transcripts in Atlantic Cod Fast Skeletal Muscle

Daily Rhythmicity of Clock Gene Transcripts in Atlantic Cod Fast Skeletal Muscle

Influence of Melatonin on the Immune System of Fish: A Review

Daily and Seasonal Rhythms in Immune Responses of Splenocytes in the Freshwater Snake, Natrix piscator

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About