Effect of pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide with or without the inclusion of an antibacterial agent on nursery pig performance.

Abstract

A study involving nine research stations from the NCR-42 Swine Nutrition Committee used a total of 1,978 crossbred pigs to evaluate the effects of dietary ZnO concentrations with or without an antibacterial agent on postweaning pig performance. In Exp. 1, seven stations (IA, MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, and OH) evaluated the efficacy of ZnO when fed to nursery pigs at 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 mg Zn/kg for a 28-d postweaning period. A randomized complete block experiment was conducted in 24 replicates using a total of 1,060 pigs. Pigs were bled at the 28-d period and plasma was analyzed for Zn and Cu. Because two stations weaned pigs at < 15 d (six replicates) and five stations at > 20 d (18 replicates) of age, the two sets of data were analyzed separately. The early-weaned pig group had greater (P < 0.05) gains, feed intakes, and gain:feed ratios for the 28-d postweaning period as dietary ZnO concentration increased. Later-weaned pigs also had increased (P < 0.01) gains and feed intakes as the dietary ZnO concentration increased. Responses for both weanling pig groups seemed to reach a plateau at 2,000 mg Zn/kg. Plasma Zn concentrations quadratically increased (P < 0.01) and plasma Cu concentrations quadratically decreased (P < 0.01) when ZnO concentrations were > 1,000 mg Zn/kg. Experiment 2 was conducted at seven stations (KY, MI, MO, NE, ND, OH, and OK) and evaluated the efficacy of an antibacterial agent (carbadox) in combination with added ZnO. The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design conducted in a total of 20 replicates. Carbadox was added at 0 or 55 mg/kg diet, and ZnO was added at 0, 1,500, or 3,000 mg Zn/ kg. A total of 918 pigs were weaned at an average 19.7 d of age. For the 28-d postweaning period, gains (P < 0.01), feed intakes (P < 0.05), and gain:feed ratios (P < 0.05) increased when dietary ZnO concentrations increased and when carbadox was added. These responses occurred in an additive manner. The results of these studies suggest that supplemental ZnO at 1,500 to 2,000 mg Zn/kg Zn improved postweaning pig performance, and its combination with an antibacterial agent resulted in additional performance improvements.

Low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide improve performance and modulate the ileum architecture, inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions expression of weaned pigs

“…Plasma Zn was affected by pharmacological Zn at both stages as piglets receiving ZnO at 3000 mg/kg had plasma Zn in the range of 1.5 to 1.9 mg/l, which is lower than values reported by Hill et al (2001) but perfectly aligned with those reported by Carlson et al (1999); piglets receiving microencapsulated ZnO, instead, did not differ from control and reported values comprised between 0.65 and 1.2 mg/l, which is in accordance with values for adequate Zn intake (Carlson et al, 1999). However, according to Hahn and Baker (1993), only Zn treatments that resulted in Zn plasma values of ∼1.5 mg/l were associated with improved gains that tended to be higher than those associated with Zn plasma values lower than 1.5 mg/l or higher than 3.0 mg/l.…”

“…Dietary inclusion of ZnO at 2000 to 3000 mg/kg is extensively used in worldwide pig production, and past research has consistently proved the beneficial effects during the postweaning phase (Hill et al, 2001). However, increasing concerns on environmental pollution drove European legislators toward a more attentive policy on the excretion of heavy metals in manure (European Commission, 2003).…”

“…Many mechanisms of action have been attributed to ZnO and numerous studies reported an improved feed intake as a possible way to growth enhancement (Hahn and Baker, 1993;Carlson et al, 1999;Hill et al, 2001). The mechanism behind the increased feed intake has been recently explained by an increased IGF-I and IGF-I receptor expression in the intestinal mucosa, which in turn stimulates feed intake via ghrelin secretion from the stomach (Li et al, 2006;Yin et al, 2009).…”

Relação do zinco e cobre plasmáticos com componentes nutricionais e desempenho de leitões: uma meta-análise

“…A base de dados foi desenvolvida a partir de 18 artigos (Hahn & Baker, 1993;Wedekind et al, 1994;Adeola et al, 1995;Poulsen & Larsen, 1995;Luo & Dove, 1996;Schell & Kornegay, 1996;Swinkels et al, 1996;Cheng et al, 1998;Carlson et al, 1999;Hill et al, 2000;Schiavon et al, 2000;Hill et al, 2001;Case & Carlson, 2002;Revy et al, 2002 As variáveis dependentes foram as concentrações plasmáticas de Zn e Cu e o ganho de peso e as variáveis nutricionais consideradas na análise, a ingestão de PB, lisina, Ca, P total, Cu e Zn. Os nutrientes ingeridos foram calculados com base na matéria natural por intermédio de dados de consumo dos animais e composição nutricional da dieta.…”

Proteína láctea e zinco suplementar em dietas de leitões recém-desmamados

“…Devido a sua biodisponibilidade, o óxido de zinco é incluído nas dietas de leitões em fase de creche em concentrações aproximadas de 3000mg Zn/kg de ração como um promotor de crescimento e como preventivo na ocorrência de diarréia pós-desmame (HILL et al, 2001). …”