Effect of pH on the biological availability of copper to the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana

Blust, Ronny; Linden, Annemie Van der; Verheyen, Erik; Decleir, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00392656

“…Indeed, the total Cu concentration in larvae ex posed to 0.8 |xm ol/L at pH 7.6 and larvae exposed to 0.3 jimol/ L at pH 6.3 are approxim ately equal. This result supports the general view that Cu form s such as Cu-carbonates and Cuhydroxides (pH > 7), although potentially toxic, are hardly available for uptake by fish [18,19,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A t pH 7 and higher, carbonate and h y droxide species are the dom inant form s. B elow w ater pH 7 the am ount o f free Cu ions rapidly increases, thereby enhancing the toxicity o f this m etal [18]. In addition, a low er w ater pH may also prom ote branchial uptake o f Cu by p rotonating the binding sites for Cu on the epithelial cell surface [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water pH on copper toxicity to early life stages of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Stouthart

¹

,

Haans

²

,

Lock

³

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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X a n d e r J .H .X . S t o u t h a r t ,* J e r o e n L .M . H a a n s , R o b e r t A .C . L o c k a n d A bstract-Carp eggs were exposed immediately after fertilization to Cu concentrations of 0.3 and 0,8 (xmol/L at water pH 7.6 or pH 6.3. Mortality, the incidence of spina! cord deformation, heart rate, tail movements, hatching success, and whole-body content of K, Na, Mg, Ca, and Cu were determined over time. Light microscopical preparations of eggs (48 h after fertilization) and larvae (168 h after fertilization) were studied. At pH 7.6, Cu did not affect egg mortality, heart rate, tail movements, and whole-body K and Mg content. Hatching success increased only in the 0.3 fimol/L Cu group. Exposure to 0.8 (junol/L Cu increased larval mortality and larval deformation and decreased whole-body Na and Ca content. At pH 6.3, exposure to 0.8 |j.mol/L Cu increased egg mortality and decreased heart rate and tail movements. Furthermore, premature hatching, a concentration-dependent increase of larval mortality, and larval deformation was observed. Exposure to 0.3 and 0.8 p.mol/L Cu decreased the whole-body content of K, Na, Mg, and Ca. Uptake of Cu after hatching increased two-fold at pH 6.3 compared to the pH 7.6 groups. At pH 6.3, all Cu-exposed larvae were unable to fill their swim bladder. Also, after 168 h the yolk sac remained largely unabsorbed in the 0.3 and 0.8 ixmol/L Cu group. Exposure to 0,8 (xmol/L Cu resulted in coagulation of proteins in eggs and yolk sacs. No significant changes in any of the assessed parameters were observed in control groups of pH 6.3 and pH 7.6.

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“…Indeed, the total Cu concentration in larvae exposed to 0.8 mol/L at pH 7.6 and larvae exposed to 0.3 mol/ L at pH 6.3 are approximately equal. This result supports the general view that Cu forms such as Cu-carbonates and Cuhydroxides (pH Ͼ 7), although potentially toxic, are hardly available for uptake by fish [18,19,22]. At pH 6.3, coagulation of the perivitelline proteins occurred only at 0.8 mol/L Cu, leading to high mortality of the eggs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Below water pH 7 the amount of free Cu ions rapidly increases, thereby enhancing the toxicity of this metal [18]. In addition, a lower water pH may also promote branchial uptake of Cu by protonating the binding sites for Cu on the epithelial cell surface [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF WATER pH ON COPPER TOXICITY TO EARLY LIFE STAGES OF THE COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Stouthart¹,

Haans²,

Lock³

et al. 1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

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X a n d e r J .H .X . S t o u t h a r t ,* J e r o e n L .M . H a a n s , R o b e r t A .C . L o c k a n d A bstract-Carp eggs were exposed immediately after fertilization to Cu concentrations of 0.3 and 0,8 (xmol/L at water pH 7.6 or pH 6.3. Mortality, the incidence of spina! cord deformation, heart rate, tail movements, hatching success, and whole-body content of K, Na, Mg, Ca, and Cu were determined over time. Light microscopical preparations of eggs (48 h after fertilization) and larvae (168 h after fertilization) were studied. At pH 7.6, Cu did not affect egg mortality, heart rate, tail movements, and whole-body K and Mg content. Hatching success increased only in the 0.3 fimol/L Cu group. Exposure to 0.8 (junol/L Cu increased larval mortality and larval deformation and decreased whole-body Na and Ca content. At pH 6.3, exposure to 0.8 |j.mol/L Cu increased egg mortality and decreased heart rate and tail movements. Furthermore, premature hatching, a concentration-dependent increase of larval mortality, and larval deformation was observed. Exposure to 0.3 and 0.8 p.mol/L Cu decreased the whole-body content of K, Na, Mg, and Ca. Uptake of Cu after hatching increased two-fold at pH 6.3 compared to the pH 7.6 groups. At pH 6.3, all Cu-exposed larvae were unable to fill their swim bladder. Also, after 168 h the yolk sac remained largely unabsorbed in the 0.3 and 0.8 ixmol/L Cu group. Exposure to 0,8 (xmol/L Cu resulted in coagulation of proteins in eggs and yolk sacs. No significant changes in any of the assessed parameters were observed in control groups of pH 6.3 and pH 7.6.

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“…On the other hand, pH has been considered as a major factor in Cu bioavailability. The quantity of absorbed Cu was boosted when pH increased from 5.5 to 8.5 in A. fransiscana [49]. Concerning the assayed pH (7.7-7.9) and salinity (35 ppt) in this experiment, additional uptake of Cu with respect to the Cd is accommodated to the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Cadmium and Copper in Artemia Urmiana Nauplii

Mohiseni¹,

Farhangi

²

,

Agh

³

et al. 2017

IJT

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Background: Artemia urmiana are small crustaceans that because of its non-selective filter feeder pattern potentially may absorb high level of heavy metals through their living environment. In this study, the effects of different levels of cadmium and copper on survival, catalase activity and metals bioconcentration rates in A. urmiana nauplii have been investigated. Methods:The research was carried out in February 2012 at University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.First experiment was conducted in nine concentrations with six replication, then LC 50 and probable interactions between experimental metals were evaluated. In the second experiment, concentrations of metals absorbed by Artemia and catalase activity were measured based on the acute toxicity indices, including NOEC, LOEC and LC 50 at individual and mixed concentrations. Results:The toxicity of copper sulphate (LC 50 = 29.87) was 2.5 times greater than cadmium chloride (LC 50 =79.08) and the toxicity interaction between cadmium and copper was synergistic. The rate of copper uptake in Artemia was higher than cadmium and increased concentration of heavy metals significantly decreased the bioconcentration factor. Comparison of mixed and individual concentrations showed that cadmium significantly decreased copper uptake, while it seems that cadmium bioconcentration was improved consequently. Biochemical analysis showed that the catalase activity was affected undesirably in different individual and mixed concentrations; however, these changes were not significant. Conclusion:A. urmiana nauplia seems to be highly resistant toward cadmium and copper in their culture medium and demonstrated excessive potential for uptake of heavy metals from their rearing environment.

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Effect of pH on the biological availability of copper to the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of water pH on copper toxicity to early life stages of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Effects of water pH on copper toxicity to early life stages of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

EFFECTS OF WATER pH ON COPPER TOXICITY TO EARLY LIFE STAGES OF THE COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Cadmium and Copper in Artemia Urmiana Nauplii

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