Effect of pH on Gelling Performance and stability of HPAM/Cr3+ Weak Gel

Gu, Xiaoyu; Sang, Hai-Bo; Zhang, Lei; Zhao, Qing

doi:10.2991/ifeesm-15.2015.76

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The effect of pH on polymer viscosity is schematically shown in Figure 6 . A similar behavior was also reported by Gu et al 60 for a HPAM/Cr 3+ weak gel, where they observed the highest viscosity of the gel in the basic region.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigation of Brine pH Effect on the Rheological and Viscoelastic Properties of HPAM Polymer for an Optimized Enhanced Oil Recovery Design

2022

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A novel approach to improve viscous and viscoelastic properties by exploiting the pH and salinity sensitivity of HPAM polymer is proposed in this paper. Polymer flooding is a well-developed and effective enhanced oil recovery technique. The design of the makeup brine is one of the most critical phases of a polymer flood project, since the brine composition, salinity, and pH directly influence the polymer viscosity and viscoelasticity. However, the viscoelastic properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymers have not been given much consideration during the design phase of polymer flood projects. Our experimental study focuses on the optimization of the makeup water design for polymer flooding by evaluating the optimum solution salinity and pH for better stability and improved viscoelastic behavior of the polymer. Initially, the brine salinity and ionic composition is adjusted and then hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer solutions of varying pH are prepared using the adjusted brine. Rheological experiments are conducted over a temperature range of 25–80 °C and at different aging times. Polymer thermal degradation as a function of pH is assessed by examining the solutions at 80 °C for 1 week. Amplitude sweep and frequency sweep tests are performed to determine the viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus, and relaxation time. A 15–40% increase in the polymer solution viscosity and a 20 times increase in relaxation time is observed in the pH range of 8–10 in comparison to the neutral solution. This can be attributed to the low-salinity ion-adjusted environment of the makeup brine and further hydrolysis and increased repulsion of polymer chains in an alkaline environment. These results indicate that the viscoelastic properties of a polymer are tunable and a basic pH is favorable for better synergy between the brine and the polymer. Alkaline low-salinity polymer solutions have exhibited 60% higher thermal stability in comparison to acidic solutions and thus can be successfully applied in high-temperature reservoirs. The results of this study show that polymer solutions with an optimum pH in the basic range exhibit a higher viscoelastic character and an increased resistance toward thermal degradation. Hence, the polymer solution salinity, ionic composition, and pH should be adjusted to obtain maximum oil recovery by the polymer flooding method. Finally, this study shows that more effective polymer solutions can be prepared by adjusting the pH and designing a low-salinity water/polymer recipe to get the additional benefit of polymer viscoelasticity. The optimized low-salinity alkaline conditions can reduce the residual oil saturation by stronger viscous and viscoelastic forces developed by more viscous polymers. The findings of this study can be employed to design an optimum polymer recipe by tuning the brine pH and salinity for maximum incremental oil recovery, particularly in high-temperature and high-salinity formations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigation of Brine pH Effect on the Rheological and Viscoelastic Properties of HPAM Polymer for an Optimized Enhanced Oil Recovery Design

2022

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“…The decreasing of pH is related to the length of storage, the longer the gel storage, the lower the pH of the gel preparation [20]. This condition can be caused by environmental influences such as light and oxygen in acidic contact with the essential oils as active compounds during storage thus, they will undergo an oxidation reaction with air catalyzed by light, will then increase the acid number and form an acidic compound, cause changes in odor and color [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil Gel as Mosquito Repellent

et al. 2022

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Objective: The purpose of this research is to prepare a cinnamon bark essential oil gel preparation, determines the physical characteristic and physical stability during storage, and examines the activity of mosquito repellent from the best gel preparation. Methods: The formulations of gel were made with variations in the concentration of Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) contain 1% of cinnamon bark essential oil. The gel evaluated physical characteristics and physical stability. The parameters of organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH are analyzed descriptive, while the viscosity, the spreadability, and the gel adhesion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the level of confidence of 95%. The best gel tested its effectiveness as compared to the negative control and product innovator (which used DEET as an active compound) as a positive control. The activity of repellent was determined by an Aedes aegypti mosquito for 6 h with 2 hands respondents. The effectiveness of repellent protection is calculated by the percentage of protection power. Results: The studies showed that all the gel preparations qualified the organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH parameters. The viscosity, gel adhesion, and spreadability are also stable during storage. Conclusion: Based on the results, the best gel is the formula I which has mosquito repellent activity effective for 6 h like DEET.

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“…Although HPAM/PAM gel systems cross-linked with metals can reduce the relative permeability of CO 2 in the core, they are still very susceptible to other reservoir conditions. For instance, as the formation temperature and formation water salinity increase, the plugging performance of the gel will decrease . The rise of pH will retard the gel cross-linking reaction and lead to lower gel viscosity and strength.…”

Section: Sealant Materials For Co2 Leakage Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, as the formation temperature and formation water salinity increase, the plugging performance of the gel will decrease. 331 The rise of pH will retard the gel cross-linking reaction and lead to lower gel viscosity and strength. Mosleh et al 29 studied the influence of formation permeability on the gel concentrations.…”

Section: Factors Impacting the Biomineralization Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Sealant Materials for Leakage Remediation Technology in Geological CO₂ Capture and Storage Process

et al. 2021

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has been widely investigated to decrease the greenhouse effect. Geological CO2 storage sites are targeted mainly on depleted petroleum reservoirs or deep saline aquifers. However, CO2 leakage might take place through wellbores, cap rocks, reservoir fractures, or faults during or after the process of CO2 storage leading to environmental problems. To minimize these hazards, different kinds of sealants have been developed and applied. This review aims to summarize those materials applicable to CO2 leakage remediation. On the basis of the sealing mechanisms and compositions of different sealant materials, they were divided into seven major types: Portland cement, geopolymer cement, resins, biofilms barriers, gel systems, foams, and nanoparticles. For different types of sealants, their application background, chemical and physical properties, CO2 leakage remediation mechanism, impact factors of sealing performance, advantages, and limitations were summarized. Future development directions for these sealant materials are also recommended. To solve the problem caused by the weak acid-resistant performance of Portland cement, anti-CO2 materials should be developed and added to the formulation. Environmentally friendly materials need to be designed to replace some current user-hostile compositions in the geopolymer cement. Moreover, chemicals that can control the geopolymerization process are also required because of the high curing temperature requirement for the recent geopolymer productions. The injectivity of Portland cement and resin limits its application for in-depth CO2 leakage control; however, gels with relatively low viscosity during the injection can be a good alternative, although their thermal stability and strength need to be further enhanced. Biotechnology and nanotechnology are perspectives to be applied in the CO2 leakage control process. Foams with good stability might be used for CO2 leakage remediation in the porous medium without fractures, but their life cycle should be prolonged.

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Effect of pH on Gelling Performance and stability of HPAM/Cr3+ Weak Gel

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Investigation of Brine pH Effect on the Rheological and Viscoelastic Properties of HPAM Polymer for an Optimized Enhanced Oil Recovery Design

Investigation of Brine pH Effect on the Rheological and Viscoelastic Properties of HPAM Polymer for an Optimized Enhanced Oil Recovery Design

Formulation of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil Gel as Mosquito Repellent

Comprehensive Review of Sealant Materials for Leakage Remediation Technology in Geological CO₂ Capture and Storage Process

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Effect of pH on Gelling Performance and stability of HPAM/Cr3+ Weak Gel

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Investigation of Brine pH Effect on the Rheological and Viscoelastic Properties of HPAM Polymer for an Optimized Enhanced Oil Recovery Design

Investigation of Brine pH Effect on the Rheological and Viscoelastic Properties of HPAM Polymer for an Optimized Enhanced Oil Recovery Design

Formulation of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil Gel as Mosquito Repellent

Comprehensive Review of Sealant Materials for Leakage Remediation Technology in Geological CO2 Capture and Storage Process

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Product

Resources

About

Comprehensive Review of Sealant Materials for Leakage Remediation Technology in Geological CO₂ Capture and Storage Process