Effect of pequi tree Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. leaf extracts on different mouse skin inflammation models: inference with their phenolic compound content

Abstract

Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (pequi) has been popularly used in Northeastern Brazil in the treatment of inflammation, pain and respiratory affections. This study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory activity of C. coriaceum hydroethanolic extract (CCHE) and methanolic fraction (CCMF) from pequi tree leaves against different skin sensitizer agents (arachidonic acid, croton oil, phenol and histamine), as well their antioxidant activity and phenolic compound profile. High performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis pointed the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin and lower concentrations of caffeic and gallic acids. Both CCHE and CCMF 1 mg/ear demonstrated significant topical anti-inflammatory effect against arachidonic acid, phenol and histamine single application (antiedematous effect ranging from 48 to 69% for CCHE and 36 to 64% for CCMF; P < 0.05 vs. negative control). In contrast, both extracts did not antagonize the croton oil single application-induced ear edema when compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Additionally, both extracts exhibited strong DPPH • free radical scavenging activity in vitro (EC 50 = 5.02 ± 4.37 μg/ml for CCMF and 6.06 ± 4.03 μg/ml for CCHE). Together, the results give important support that CCHE and CCMF (and their phenolic compounds, according to previous data from literature) could exert topical anti-inflammatory activity by possibly modulate the local production of inflammatory mediators including histamine, arachidonic acid metabolites and reactive oxygen species.

Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Pequi) fixed oil presents hypolipemic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro

“…The fixed oil of Caryocar coriaceum (OFCC), (as well as olive oil and other vegetable oils) is rich in oleic acid (Ramos and Souza, 2011;Sena et al, 2010), an unsaturated fat used as an adjunct in the treatment of hyperlipemias with potential cardioprotective effect (Salgado et al, 2008), anti-bacterial (Saraiva et al, 2011a(Saraiva et al, , 2011b, anti-inflamatory Saraiva et al, 2011aSaraiva et al, , 2011b and wound effect (da Silva Quirino et al, 2009). Another parts of this plant were also studied and demonstrated an important therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatory (Araruna et al, 2014) and anti-microbial (Araruna et al, 2013).…”

Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Caryocaraceae): Botany, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Activities, Phytochemistry, Extractivism and Conservation Needs

“…In addition to the fruit, the leaves of C. coriaceum also show anti-inflammatory potential in mice. According to Araruna et al [55], the hydroethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of C. coriaceum reduced edema in Swiss mice (Mus musculus) caused by different sensitizing agents such as arachidonic acid, Croton oil, phenol and histamine.…”

“…The phytochemical studies of the phenolic compounds of C. coriaceum have concentrated on the fruits, bark and leaves (Table 2), with no research to date aimed at the bioprospecting of its roots and flowers. Among the compounds of a phenolic nature identified in the species, rutin, quercetin, epicatechin, isoquercitrin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ellagic acid stand out [50,54,55,59]. Such chemical heterogeneity may be responsible for the different activities verified for C. coriaceum.…”

“…Quercetin [50,54,55,59] Ethanol, hydroethanoli c, methanolic and aqueous extract Fruits (internal mesocarp); leaves…”