Effect of peppermint oil and its microemulsion on necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

Abstract

Background and Aim: Clostridium perfringens is one of the multiple drug-resistant intestinal pathogens causing necrotic enteritis disease, leading to great economic losses in poultry farms. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of peppermint oil and its microemulsion (ME) as an alternative to antibiotics to control necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Peppermint oil ME formulation (15% oil/water) was prepared and characterized by zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the peppermint oil and its ME were investigated. A total of 80 commercial one day old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups of 20 birds each. The four groups were the negative control, positive control, peppermint oil (0.5 mL/mL water/10 days old), and its ME (0.25 mL/mL water/10 days old) groups. C. perfringens was orally provided at concentration of 1×108 CFU/mL on days 14, 15, and 16. Clinical signs and mortality were observed daily. Growth performance, gross lesions and cecal samples were investigated and examined on days 21, 28, and 35. Results: Peppermint oil ME formulation has a polydispersity index, zeta potential and droplet size of 0.234, –24 mV±4.19, and 29.96±1.56 nm, respectively. LC–MS/MS analysis of oil and ME revealed common presence of phenolic compounds such as rosmorinic (360.31 g/mol), chlorogenic acid (354.31 g/mol), hesperidin (610.56 g/mol), and luteolin 7-O-β- glucuronide (462.1 g/mol). The treated groups with peppermint oil and ME showed lower lesions, mortality and colony-forming units in addition to higher growth performance (p<0.05) compared to the positive control group. Conclusion: Our study suggests the potential efficacy of peppermint oil and ME in the reduction of necrotic enteritis lesions and C. perfringens count.

Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: disease characteristics and prevention using organic antibiotic alternatives – a comprehensive review

“…The effectiveness of many phytogenic compounds in reducing the incidence and severity of NE has been studied ( Table 1 ). Turmeric powder ( Ali et al, 2020 ); Yucca schidigera extract ( Calik et al, 2019 ); Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris ( Timbermont et al, 2010 ); ginger oil and carvacrol; Capsicum or Curcuma longa oleoresin ( Lee et al, 2013 ); peppermint oil ( Sorour et al, 2021 ); and essential oil blends have been shown to successfully prevent C. perfringens and improve broiler efficiency ( Gharaibeh et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Reduces colony-forming units and improved growth performance. Sorour et al, 2021 Oregano ( Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum ) 10 g/kg No experimental infection.…”

Essential Oils as an Alternative to Antibiotics to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Short Review

“…Peppermint oil 0.5 or 0.25 ml/ml of water Reduction in mortality (55% PC vs 10% EOs). Improve BWG in 41 g ND € [138] Thymol and carvacrol 120 mg/kg of feed Reduction in mortality (20% PC vs 4% EOs). >2 vs <1 (PC vs EOs).…”

Thyme and Cumin Nanoemulsion as a Promising Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

“…To characterise the nanoemulsion and measure electrical conductivity, viscosity , zeta potential (surface charge) by the Zeta device NANOTRAC-WAVE II Zetasizer (MICROTRAC, USA) and to determine the size of the droplet and the distribution of the microemulsion (polydispersity indexes PDI), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) monitoring is used (JEM (1400F) HRTEM) at ray power of (300) keV . acc ording to 20 .…”