Effect of patulin on microbicidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages

Bourdiol, D.; Escoula, Louis; Salvayre, Robert

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(90)90132-7

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Indeed, Sorenson et al [89] showed that in vitro exposure of alveolar rat macrophages to patulin inhibited protein synthesis and altered membrane functions. Patulin also significantly decreased the production of O 2 − , phagosome-lysosome fusion, phagocythosis, as well as lysosomal enzyme and microbiological activity in mouse macrophages [90]. …”

Section: Toxicity Of Patulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and Toxicological Effects of Patulin

Puel¹,

Galtier²,

Oswald³

2010

Toxins

481

297

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Patulin is a toxic chemical contaminant produced by several species of mold, especially within Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. It is the most common mycotoxin found in apples and apple-derived products such as juice, cider, compotes and other food intended for young children. Exposure to this mycotoxin is associated with immunological, neurological and gastrointestinal outcomes. Assessment of the health risks due to patulin consumption by humans has led many countries to regulate the quantity in food. A full understanding of the molecular genetics of patulin biosynthesis is incomplete, unlike other regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes and fumonisins), although the chemical structures of patulin precursors are now known. The biosynthetic pathway consists of approximately 10 steps, as suggested by biochemical studies. Recently, a cluster of 15 genes involved in patulin biosynthesis was reported, containing characterized enzymes, a regulation factor and transporter genes. This review includes information on the current understanding of the mechanisms of patulin toxinogenesis and summarizes its toxicological effects.

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Section: Toxicity Of Patulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and Toxicological Effects of Patulin

Puel¹,

Galtier²,

Oswald³

2010

Toxins

481

297

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“…This leads to the contamination with patulin in pome fruit-derived juices and baby foods, consumed by children, who have a low tolerance level to patulin . Patulin has diverse toxic effects such as immunosuppression, embryo and maternal toxicity in mice, and genotoxicity to cultured human cells. − The mechanism of patulin toxicity has been proposed to be due to its reactivity with thiol-bearing molecules such as the important cellular antioxidant glutathione. , Acute symptoms caused by patulin in humans are gastritis and nausea . Therefore, many countries, including the U.S. and those of the European Union, have established maximum tolerable levels of patulin contamination for fruit-derived products. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of the Mycotoxin Patulin to the Less Toxic Desoxypatulinic Acid by the Biocontrol Yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae Strain LS11

Castoria¹,

Mannina²,

Duran-Patron

et al. 2011

J. Agric. Food Chem.

127

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ABSTRACT:The infection of stored apples by the fungus Penicillium expansum causes the contamination of fruits and fruit-derived products with the mycotoxin patulin, which is a major issue in food safety. Fungal attack can be prevented by beneficial microorganisms, so-called biocontrol agents. Previous time-course thin layer chromatography analyses showed that the aerobic incubation of patulin with the biocontrol yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain LS11 leads to the disappearance of the mycotoxin spot and the parallel emergence of two new spots, one of which disappears over time. In this work, we analyzed the biodegradation of patulin effected by LS11 through HPLC. The more stable of the two compounds was purified and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance as desoxypatulinic acid, whose formation was also quantitated in patulin degradation experiments. After R. kratochvilovae LS11 had been incubated in the presence of 13 C-labeled patulin, label was traced to desoxypatulinic acid, thus proving that this compound derives from the metabolization of patulin by the yeast. Desoxypatulinic acid was much less toxic than patulin to human lymphocytes and, in contrast to patulin, did not react in vitro with the thiol-bearing tripeptide glutathione. The lower toxicity of desoxypatulinic acid is proposed to be a consequence of the hydrolysis of the lactone ring and the loss of functional groups that react with thiol groups. The formation of desoxypatulinic acid from patulin represents a novel biodegradation pathway that is also a detoxification process.

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“…Paratuberculosis (Oh et al, 2015). Murine peritoneal macrophages exposed to 0.65-13 µM patulin for 2 h also displayed an impairment in phagocytosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reduced production of lysozyme and fungal killing (Bourdiol et al, 1990). Moreover, rats that received 0.1 mg/kg (body weight) of patulin per day displayed mitochondrial abnormalities after 60 days and an increase in the production of apoptotic bodies after 90 days (Özsoy et al, 2008).…”

Section: Macrophages and Patulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Toxins and Host Immune Responses

et al. 2021

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Fungi are ubiquitous organisms that thrive in diverse natural environments including soils, plants, animals, and the human body. In response to warmth, humidity, and moisture, certain fungi which grow on crops and harvested foodstuffs can produce mycotoxins; secondary metabolites which when ingested have a deleterious impact on health. Ongoing research indicates that some mycotoxins and, more recently, peptide toxins are also produced during active fungal infection in humans and experimental models. A combination of innate and adaptive immune recognition allows the host to eliminate invading pathogens from the body. However, imbalances in immune homeostasis often facilitate microbial infection. Despite the wide-ranging effects of fungal toxins on health, our understanding of toxin-mediated modulation of immune responses is incomplete. This review will explore the current understanding of fungal toxins and how they contribute to the modulation of host immunity.

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Effect of patulin on microbicidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Biosynthesis and Toxicological Effects of Patulin

Biosynthesis and Toxicological Effects of Patulin

Conversion of the Mycotoxin Patulin to the Less Toxic Desoxypatulinic Acid by the Biocontrol Yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae Strain LS11

Fungal Toxins and Host Immune Responses

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