Effect of Palladium‐Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine) Catalyst Traces on Charge Recombination and Extraction in Non‐Fullerene‐based Organic Solar Cells

Schopp, Nora; Брус, В. В.; Lee, Jawon; Dixon, Alana L.; Karki, Akchheta; Liu, Tuo; Peng, Zhengxing; Graham, Kenneth R.; Bazan, Guillermo C.; Nguyen, Thuc‐Quyen

doi:10.1002/adfm.202009363

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In addition, metal-free protocol is more desirable for the synthesis of organic photovoltaic materials. Recently, it has been reported that the metal residue in the photovoltaic materials usually result in a poor device performance in PSCs 37 , 38 . To remove this concern, tedious purification by recrystallization, time-consuming column chromatography or multiple precipitation would inevitably increase the cost of the SMAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost synthesis of small molecule acceptors makes polymer solar cells commercially viable

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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The acceptor-donor-acceptor (A–D–A) or A–DA’D–A structured small molecule acceptors (SMAs) have triggered substantial progress for polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the high−cost of the SMAs impedes the commercial viability of such renewable energy, as their synthesis via the classical pyridine-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation usually suffers from low reaction efficiency and tedious purifying work-up. Herein, we developed a simple and cheap boron trifluoride etherate-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation for addressing this challenge, and found that the coupling of the aldehyde-terminated D unit and the A-end groups could be quantitatively finished in the presence of acetic anhydride within 15 minutes at room temperature. Compared with the conventional method, the high reaction efficiency of our method is related to the germinal diacetate pathway that is thermodynamically favorable to give the final products. For those high performing SMAs (such as ITIC-4F and Y6), the cost could be reduced by 50% compared with conventional preparation. In addition to the application in PSCs, our synthetic approach provides a facile and low-cost access to a wide range of D–A organic semiconductors for emerging technologies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost synthesis of small molecule acceptors makes polymer solar cells commercially viable

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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“…(Figure S6c, Supporting Information). [ 46,47 ] Furthermore, the μ SCLC s of blend films were measured by the SCLC method (Figure 3f, Figures S7a and S8, Supporting Information) and the calculated μ e,SCLC s and μ h,SCLC s and statistics distribution results from 15 devices are listed in Table S7, Supporting Information. Compared to the PM6:L14 and PM6:L15 blends with a μ e,SCLC of 6.10 × 10 −4 and 6.78 × 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , respectively, the PM6:L15:MBTI (1:1:0.05) ternary blend shows a higher μ e,SCLC of 7.81 × 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , resulting in more balanced mobilities with a μ h,SCLC /μ e,SCLC value of 1.07.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regioregular Narrow‐Bandgap n‐Type Polymers with High Electron Mobility Enabling Highly Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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Narrow‐bandgap n‐type polymers with high electron mobility are urgently demanded for the development of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Here, two regioregular narrow‐bandgap polymer acceptors, L15 and MBTI, with two electron‐deficient segments are synthesized by copolymerizing two dibrominated fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREA) with distannylated aromatic imide, respectively. Taking full advantage of the FREA and the imide, both polymer acceptors show narrow bandgap and high electron mobility. Benefiting from the more extended absorption, better backbone ordering, and higher electron mobility than those of its regiorandom analog, the L15‐based all‐PSC yields a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2% when blended with the polymer donor PM6. More importantly, MBTI incorporating a benzothiophene‐core FREA segment shows relatively higher frontier molecular orbital levels than L15, forming a cascade‐like energy level alignment with L15 and PM6. Based on this, ternary all‐PSCs are designed where MBTI is introduced as a guest into the PM6:L15 host system. Thanks to further optimal blend morphology and more balanced charge transport, the PCE is improved up to 16.2%, which is among the highest values for all‐PSCs. The results demonstrate that combining an FREA and an aromatic imide to construct regioregular narrow‐bandgap polymer acceptors provides an effective approach to fabricate highly efficient all‐PSCs.

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“…Incorporating 10% Y6‐1O in acceptors, both µ e and μ h are improved, and more balanced charge mobility is achieved in the optimized ternary OSCs, manifesting the formation of well‐developed charge‐transport channels. [ 57 ] The bulk resistance ( R b ) of the OSCs was investigated by measuring the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (IS) to confirm the charge‐transport properties observed in the preceding characterization. The Nyquist plots of devices are shown in Figure 3f, and the fitted results by equivalent circuit model are exhibited in Figure S4 (Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isogenous Asymmetric–Symmetric Acceptors Enable Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Thin and 300 nm Thick Active Layers Simultaneously

Bai

Jiang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Integrating desirable light absorption, energy levels, and morphology in one matrix is always the aspiration to construct high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an asymmetric acceptor Y6‐1O is incorporated into the binary blends of acceptor Y7‐BO and donor PM6 to prepare ternary OSCs. Two isogenous asymmetric–symmetric acceptors with similar chemical skeletons tend to form alloy‐like state in blends due to their good compatibility, which contributes to optimizing the morphology for efficient charge generation and extraction. The complementary absorption of two acceptors helps to improve the photon harvesting of ternary blends, and the higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of Y6‐1O offers the chance to uplift the mixed LUMO energy levels of acceptors. Combining the aforesaid benefits, the ternary OSCs with 10 wt% Y6‐1O produce a top‐ranked power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.11% with simultaneously elevated short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, and fill factor in comparison to Y7‐BO‐based binary devices. Furthermore, the optimized ternary OSCs with ≈300 nm active layers obtain a champion PCE of 16.61%, which is the highest value for thick‐film devices reported so far. This work puts forward an avenue for further boosting the performance of OSCs with two isogenous acceptors but different asymmetric structures.

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Effect of Palladium‐Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine) Catalyst Traces on Charge Recombination and Extraction in Non‐Fullerene‐based Organic Solar Cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 106 publications

Low-cost synthesis of small molecule acceptors makes polymer solar cells commercially viable

Low-cost synthesis of small molecule acceptors makes polymer solar cells commercially viable

Regioregular Narrow‐Bandgap n‐Type Polymers with High Electron Mobility Enabling Highly Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells

Isogenous Asymmetric–Symmetric Acceptors Enable Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Thin and 300 nm Thick Active Layers Simultaneously

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