Effect of Ozone Oxidation on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Simmons, Jason M.; Nichols, Beth M.; Baker, Sarah E.; Marcus, Matthew S.; Castellini, O. M.; Lee, C.-S.; Hamers, Robert J.; Eriksson, M. A.

doi:10.1021/jp0548422

Cited by 214 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, in these experiments the D-band intensity was very low and no independent determination of the defect density was performed. For higher degrees of functionalization, a linear increase in the ratio of the D-to G-band areas upon ozone oxidation with time was observed by Simmons et al 60 Strano et al 3 give a quantitative determination of D-band intensity and degree of functionalization, which were determined by thermo gravimetric analysis (Fig. 3, left).…”

Section: D-band Intensity As a Measure Of Functionalization Vsdefect mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…an increase of the tangential mode wavenumbers, are reported, e.g. for nitric acid treatments, 61,97,125,128,129,134,135 SOCl 2 treatment, 136,137 ozone oxidation, 60 oxidation by 130 upon solubilization of acidoxidized SWCNTs using SOCl 2 . Also, a downshift of the G-band was reported upon functionalization in ammonia plasma 103,138 and electrochemical nitration.…”

Section: Shift Of Raman Modesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Raman spectroscopy of covalently functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes

Graupner

2007

J Raman Spectroscopy

304

229

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Raman spectroscopy is one of the most extensively employed methods for the characterization of carbon nanotubes. In this review article, an overview about Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is given. First, the relevant Raman modes in SWCNTs are introduced. Then, in a phenomenological approach, the effects that are observed for the individual modes in the Raman spectra are compiled and discussed. It is shown that special care has to be taken in order to separate the effects of functionalization, which are specific to a subset of the SWCNTs (metallic/semiconducting or diameter dependent), from changes in sample morphology or doping effects.

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Section: D-band Intensity As a Measure Of Functionalization Vsdefect mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Shift Of Raman Modesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Raman spectroscopy of covalently functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes

Graupner

2007

J Raman Spectroscopy

304

229

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“…Usually, the CNTs show increase in their R v due to the damage to their intrinsic structures after oxidative treatment [23,24]. According to Simmons and coworker's study [24], since the $-conjugated path on the sidewalls of the SWCNTs can be disrupted by O 3 treatment, the resistance of SWCNTs increased after oxidation. Therefore, the electrical conductivity of MWCNTs could be lowered after O 3 treatment in our case.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of ozone functionalized MWCNTs/PC nanocomposites

Zhang¹,

Peng²,

Chen³

2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized by ozone (O 3 ) and then melting mixed into polycarbonate (PC) matrix. The effect of O 3 functionalization on the mechanical performance was systematically studied. It was found that the modified MWCNTs exhibited improved dispersion and interfacial adhesion to the matrix as evidenced by scanning electron microscope and micro-Raman spectrometer, which were believed to contribute to the enhanced yield strength of MWCNTs/PC nanocomposites. Vol.5, No.6 (2011) 516-525 Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.50 * Corresponding author, e-mail: zhong.zhang@nanoctr.cn © BME-PT bon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a polycarbonate (PC) matrix by melt mixing. The amorphous PC was chosen since it is known that CNTs may modify the crystalline morphology in semi-crystalline polymers, which may complicate the interpretation of the effect of O 3 functionalized MWCNTs. Keywords: polymer nanocomposites, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, ozone functionalization, polycarbonate, mechanical property eXPRESS Polymer Letters Experimental 2.1. MaterialsThe pristine MWCNTs (marked as p-MWCNTs in this paper) were prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method with purity >95 wt.%, average diameter between 10 and 20 nm, and length between 1 and 10 µm. The PC has a brand name as Macrolon 2800, with the melt flow index = 9 g/10 min at 300°C, and density ! = 1.2 g/cm 3 . Both MWCNTs and PC were supplied by Bayer MaterialScience AG (Leverkusen, Germany). Before further functionalization or melt-mixing process, the MWCNTs, PC or master-batches were dried at 373 K overnight within a vacuum oven. Functionalization of MWCNTsThe MWCNTs were functionalized with O 3 at room temperature, which has been discussed in our recent work [10]. Generally, 3 g of p-MWCNTs was placed into a homemade vertical reactor each time. The O 3 (5 wt% in O 3 /O 2 mixture) was continuously passed through the reactor chamber at room temperature during the oxidation process. The reaction time was fixed for 2 or 4 hours, and then the functionalized MWCNTs were defined as 2h-MWCNTs and 4h-MWCNTs in this paper. Preparation of nanocompositeA master batch of 15 wt% MWCNTs in PC was produced by the melt-mixing process in a twin screw extruder (HAAKE-Polylab OS, Haake being part of Thermo Scientific). The screw speed was set at 150 rpm. All barrels of the extruder were set to a heating temperature of 280°C except the barrels of the melting zone which was 270°C. After extrusion, the PC/MWCNT composites were cooled down in a water bath and then finally granulated with a pelletizer. The master batch was diluted by pure PC to obtain concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 wt% MWCNTs in the matrix. Dog-bone samples were prepared using a HAAKE mini-injection molding machine. The barrel temperature was 300°C and the mold temperature was 120°C, and the injection pressure was 800 bar. CharacterizationTensile tests were carried out according to a standard methodology of ASTM D638. They were performe...

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“…Such a carbon metal-free catalyst displays a high stability as a function of the test duration under severe reaction conditions, i.e., high space velocity, low O 2 -to-H 2 S ratio. In the literature, the incorporation of these oxygenated functional groups has generally been carried out through oxidation treatments of the pristine carbon materials with different oxidants such as liquid HNO 3 [17,18], H 2 SO 4 [19], KMnO 4 [20], and H 2 O 2 [21] or through gaseous reactants like oxygen plasma [22], ozone [23], or CO 2 [24]. The main drawbacks of the liquid-phase treatments are the generation of a large amount of acid waste and the need for a subsequent washing step to remove the residual acid adsorbed on the sample surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous Nitric Acid Activated Graphite Felts as Hierarchical Metal-Free Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of H2S

Duong‐Viet

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Abstract:In this study, we reported on the influence of gaseous HNO 3 treatment on the formation of defects decorated with oxygenated functional groups on commercial graphite felts (GFs). The gaseous acid treatment also leads to a remarkable increase of the specific as well as effective surface area through the formation of a highly porous graphite structure from dense graphite filamentous. The as-synthesized catalyst was further used as a metal-free catalyst in the selective oxidation of H 2 S in industrial waste effluents. According to the results, the defects decorated with oxygenated groups were highly active for performing selective oxidation of H 2 S into elemental sulfur. The desulfurization activity was relatively high and extremely stable as a function of time on stream which indicated the high efficiency of these oxidized un-doped GFs as metal-free catalysts for the selective oxidation process. The high catalytic performance was attributed to both the presence of structural defects on the filamentous carbon wall, which acting as a dissociative adsorption center for the oxygen, and the oxygenated functional groups, which could play the role of active sites for the selective oxidation process.

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Effect of Ozone Oxidation on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 214 publications

References 60 publications

Raman spectroscopy of covalently functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes

Raman spectroscopy of covalently functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes

Mechanical performance of ozone functionalized MWCNTs/PC nanocomposites

Gaseous Nitric Acid Activated Graphite Felts as Hierarchical Metal-Free Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of H2S

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