Effect of Oxygenated Fuels on Physicochemical and Toxicological Characteristics of Diesel Particulate Emissions

Zhang, Zhihui; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar

doi:10.1021/es504053f

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The use of DMC resulted in statistically significant increases in particle number emissions compared to CARB ULSD, ranging from 66% to 141%. Our results are in contrast with those seen in previous studies of DMC where particle number emissions showed reductions with higher concentrations of DMC in diesel fuel [21,25,33]. Zhang and Balasubramanian [25] found reductions in particle number emissions of 25.1% and 36.1% for 5% and 10% DMC blends, respectively, based on measurements with a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS), while Cheung et al [21] also showed reductions in particle number on average of 21% and 37%, for 9.1-18.6% DMC blends, respectively.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, PM mass emissions showed substantial reductions with DMC application compared to CARB ULSD ranging from 30% to 78%, with these reductions being statistically significant. The results reported here are in good agreement with previous studies showing strong reductions in PM and soot emissions with DMC-diesel blends [16,17,25,26], as well as studies of other oxygenates such as biodiesel [27][28][29][30]. In comparison with biodiesel, however, the percentage reductions for the DMC are much larger than those seen for biodiesel for a comparable blend level.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Increases in nucleation particles have also been seen in studies of DME [35]. In a recent investigation, Zhang and Balasubramanian [25] found that particle size distributions consisted of only an accumulation mode at the 50% and 75% loads. At the 25% load, the particle size distribution was bimodal, but the accumulation mode particles were considerably higher in concentration compared to the nucleation mode particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…On the other hand, the production of free radicals ( Å O, Å OH, etc.) with DMC combustion would promote the carbon oxidation to CO and CO 2 within the premixed flame zone, thus limiting the carbon available and modifying the path for the formation of soot [25,31]. DMC also has a lower viscosity and boiling point and a lower cetane number compared to diesel fuel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DMC also has a lower viscosity and boiling point and a lower cetane number compared to diesel fuel. This may also lead to an increase in ignition delay together with an increase in the amount of fuel burned in the premixed combustion phase, since it was expected that the fuel atomized in smaller fuel droplets and at faster rates of vaporization and thus increasing the efficiency of fuel and air mixing prior to the start of combustion [16,19,25,[32][33][34]. These phenomena would reduce the amount of fuel burned in the diffusion mode and hence suppress the formation of soot and subsequently PM emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of dimethyl carbonate blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine

Yang

Jiang

Karavalakis

et al. 2016

Fuel

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The reduction of emissions from diesel engines has been one of the primary elements in obtaining improvements in air quality and greenhouse gas reduction goals. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an oxygenate fuel that can be used in petroleum diesel that is been lightly studied, but could provide significant reductions in particulate matter (PM) emissions from internal combustion engines. This study evaluated the emissions impacts of 5%, 12.5%, 20%, and 30% blends of DMC in a California diesel fuel. DMC showed PM reductions increased with increasing DMC blend levels, ranging from 30% to 78% for the DMC5 to DMC30 blends. In contrast, particle number emissions increased with increasing DMC levels, which could be attributed to the enhanced formation of small nucleation particles as the levels of larger accumulation particles were reduced. NO x emissions showed increases of 3.2% and 3.1%, respectively, for the higher 20% and 30% blends, but no statistically significant differences for the 5% and 12.5% blends. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions showed strong reductions from 26.3% to 60.9% with DMC blending, while total hydrocarbons (THC) emissions showed increases from 32.5% to 137% with DMC. Most of the hydrocarbon species showed increases with increasing DMC blend levels, including benzene and most mono-aromatic hydrocarbons. Similarly, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde showed statistically significant increases with DMC blending relative to diesel fuel. The carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing DMC blend levels compared to diesel fuel.

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