Effect of Orthokeratology on myopia progression: twelve-year results of a retrospective cohort study

Lee, Yueh-Chang; Wang, Jen-Hung; Chiu, Cheng-Jen

doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0639-4

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This dramatic initial visual improvement is consistent with previous studies. [15,16] The initial correction achieved in the morning after overnight OKwear starts wearing off within hours due to the regression of the corneal shape, leading to visual blurring in the afternoon period. [13] This fact was confirmed by our results, with patients complaining of afternoon blur with a drop of 1.2 Snellen lines in the evening during the first week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthokeratology in Moderate Myopia: A Study of Predictability and Safety

Singh

Bhattacharyya

Goel

et al. 2020

JOVR

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Purpose: Literature is relatively silent on safety profile and predictability of orthokeratology lenses in terms of myopia correction and prevention of further progression, especially in semi-tropical countries; this study was designed to fill this gap. Methods: This prospective, intervention case series enrolled 30 eyes of 30 patients with myopia up to –5.5 diopters (D). Patients were randomized into two groups of 15 each; the study group was prescribed overnight orthokeratology (OK) lenses, while the control group used daily wear conventional soft contact lenses. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1 h and 6 h, and then at 1, 7, 15, 30 days, and 4 months post lens wear. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), contrast sensitivity, keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), and tear film break up time (TBUT) were evaluated at each follow-up examination. Results: All patients attained a visual acuity of 0.00 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) after one week of lens use, which was maintained throughout the study period. While patients allotted to the study group had a gain of 8.1 Snellen lines (UCVA), those in the control group gained 8.9 lines (BCVA) at the end of follow-up period. In the OK group, cornea showed a flattening of 0.8 D (mean keratometry) after single overnight usage of OK lens and overall flattening of 1.2 D compared to baseline, at the end of four months. The change in contrast sensitivity, corneal endothelial specular count, axial length and tear film status was not significant in either group. Conclusion: Orthokeratology is an effective and safe modality to correct moderate myopia in motivated young adults. No side effects were encountered after a short-term follow-up in participants who resided in semi-tropical environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthokeratology in Moderate Myopia: A Study of Predictability and Safety

Singh

Bhattacharyya

Goel

et al. 2020

JOVR

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“…Their results showed that orthokeratology can control myopia for up to 8 years. 15,16 However, other studies reported that the time-dependence of using OK lenses significantly reduced the efficacy of their myopic controls. It was confirmed that even without OK lenses, the diopters of myopic children would drop, which is a natural process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be related to stronger compliance with adolescent women compared to men, which led to better outcomes. 15,22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of initial lens diopter on myopia control by orthokeratology in Teenagers A retrospective Beijing Study

Shi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background To investigate the effect of initial refractive error on the control of myopia by orthokeratology. Methods Retrospective study. Data were analyzed from 78 patients (156 eyes) who underwent orthokeratology in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2014 to April 2018. The changes of axial length and diopter after wearing the lenses were measured. Patients were divided into six groups according to refractive error: <-1.00D, -1.00~ -2.00D, -2.00D~ -3.00D, -3.00D~ -4.00D, -4.00D~ -5.00D and -5.00~ -6.00D. A mixed-effect model was used to analyze the relevant data. At the same time, the interaction item between diopter and wearing time was analyzed, and the influence of gender was corrected. Results Patients averaged 12.9±2.161 years old. Two years after wearing orthokeratology lenses, there was a statistically significant difference with the interaction item between refractive error and wearing time in each group. The estimated values were 0.0631 for the right eye and 0.053 for the left eye. Orthokeratology lenses controlled the progression of myopia well, but the reduction depended on the initial diopters. Binocular axial length examination didn’t show statistically significant difference with the interaction item. Axial length increased with time, and the magnitude of increase did not differ among groups. However, the increase in the axial length of the male more than that of the female.Conclusion Initial refractive errors have a significant impact on the control of myopia by orthokeratology. The less severe myopia patient demonstrated a more pronounced benefits after wearing orthokeratology lenses. Key words: refractive error; myopia; orthokeratology

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“…Longer retrospective studies have been published reporting myopia progression in children wearing orthokeratology lenses. A study by Downie and Lowe reported that orthokeratology slowed myopia progression for up to eight years, while another study by Lee et al reported significantly slower myopia progression in children wearing orthokeratology lenses up to six years after the start of treatment. One limitation of both studies, apart from the fact that they were retrospective record reviews, is that both studies measured myopia progression by over‐refraction over the orthokeratology lenses as opposed to measuring changes in axial length.…”

Section: Myopia Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical changes and visual performance with orthokeratology

Nti

Berntsen

2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Orthokeratology has undergone drastic changes since first described in the early 1960s. The original orthokeratology procedure involved a series of lenses to flatten the central cornea and was plagued by variable results. The introduction of highly oxygen‐permeable lens materials that can be worn overnight, corneal topography, and reverse‐geometry lens designs revolutionised this procedure. Modern overnight orthokeratology causes rapid, reliable, and reversible reductions in refractive error. With modern designs, patients can wear lenses overnight, remove them in the morning, and see clearly throughout the day without the need for daytime refractive correction. Modern reverse‐geometry lens designs cause central corneal flattening and mid‐peripheral corneal steepening that provides clear foveal vision while simultaneously causing a myopic shift in peripheral retinal defocus. The peripheral myopic retinal defocus caused by orthokeratology is hypothesised to be responsible for reductions in myopia progression in children fitted with these lenses. This paper reviews the changes in orthokeratology lens design that led to the reverse‐geometry orthokeratology lenses that are used today and the optical changes these lenses produce. The optical changes reviewed include changes in refractive error and their time course, high‐ and low‐contrast visual acuity changes, changes in higher‐order aberrations and visual quality metrics, changes in accommodation, and changes in peripheral defocus caused by orthokeratology. The use of orthokeratology for myopia control in children is also reviewed, as are hypothesised connections between orthokeratology‐induced myopic peripheral defocus and slowed myopia progression in children, and safety and complications associated with lens wear. A better understanding of the ocular and optical changes that occur with orthokeratology will be beneficial to both clinicians and patients in making informed decisions regarding the utilisation of orthokeratology. Future research directions with this lens modality are also discussed.

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Effect of Orthokeratology on myopia progression: twelve-year results of a retrospective cohort study

Cited by 82 publications

References 45 publications

Orthokeratology in Moderate Myopia: A Study of Predictability and Safety

Orthokeratology in Moderate Myopia: A Study of Predictability and Safety

The effect of initial lens diopter on myopia control by orthokeratology in Teenagers A retrospective Beijing Study

Optical changes and visual performance with orthokeratology

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