Effect of Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Pesticides (Monochrotophos, Chlorpyriphos, Dimethoate, and Endosulfan) on Human Lymphocytes In‐Vitro

Abstract

The toxicological profile of the four pesticides described herein characterizes its effects on lymphocytes from peripheral blood from healthy donors. The exposure to all pesticides was by direct interaction/incubation with varying concentrations of the pesticide with blood sample in-vitro. The dose response relationship in each case was calculated by applying log tables as LC50 values. Cytotoxicity of these pesticides on lymphocytes was measured using the trypan blue dye exclusion technique. Based on LC50 value, all the four pesticides were found to be highly toxic to lymphocyte culture, among them, monocrotophos and endosulfan were the most toxic and dimethoate was the least toxic. The genotoxicity of the pesticides was also determined by comet assay. The results revealed that the pesticides caused increase in the tail length indicating DNA damage. This study suggests that these pesticides have the capacity to alter the genetic material particularly chromosomes in mammalian cultures. The comet assay used in this study was found to be a sensitive and rapid method to detect genotoxicity of pesticide compounds.

Altered canonical hedgehog-gli signalling axis in pesticide-induced bone marrow aplasia mouse model

“…Previous studies have affi rmed the genotoxic and/or cytotoxic effects of Type II pyrethroids such as cyfl uthrin, cypermethrin etc. (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The carcinogenic potential of pyrethroids was also reported on the murine model (9).…”

Scenario of Genotoxicity in Fishes and Its Impact on Fish Industry

“…The comet assay is increasingly used in industrial genotoxicity in vitro. In vitro technologies have been used for determining various end points like DNA damage, cytotoxicity and chromosomal aberration frequencies (Jamil et al, 2004).…”

Application of primary haemocyte culture of Penaeus monodon in the assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of heavy metals and pesticides

“…In Channa punctatus, sublethal concentrations of malathion (Kumar et al, 2010) and monocrotophos (Ali and Kumar, 2008) induced dose dependant DNA damage in gill, kidney and lymphocytes were reported during a study period of 1e29 d and 1e21 d respectively. Jamil et al (2005) reported genotoxic effect of monocrotophos in human lymphocytes in vitro employing Comet assay. A concentration dependant increase in the DNA damage was detected in the erythrocytes of Tilapia mossambica (Banu et al, 2001) and the gill cells of the bivalve, Meretrix ovum (Revankar and Shyama, 2009) after the exposure to monocrotophos.…”