Effect of organic additives on positive electrolyte for vanadium redox battery

Li, Sha; Huang, Kelong; Liu, Suqin; Fang, Dong; Wu, Xiongwei; Lu, Dan; Wu, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.048

Cited by 128 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Introducing additives into electrolyte is a practical way to achieve this. These additives contain some organic additives, which include one or more functional groups of -OH, = O, -NH and-SH [23,24], and some inorganic ions, such as In 3+ [25]. However, some organic additives can enhance the thermal stability of electrolyte obviously, they have little effect on the electrochemical activity, and even be precipitated in the long-term cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of antimony ions in negative electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries

Shen

Liu

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of antimony ions in negative electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries

Shen

Liu

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…There are many fundamental researches and studies regarding VRB key materials synthesis and characterization, cell stack design and test, as well as theoretical simulations [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Only a few researches are carried out concerning stack shunt current so far, most of which are numerical simulations based on equivalent circuit model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental studies of stack shunt current for vanadium redox flow battery

et al. 2015

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“…Since then, very little further work was reported on stabilizing additives for the VRB until Huang and co-workers 12 reported results using some of the original organic compounds originally proposed by Skyllas-Kazacos. They studied the effect of additives such fructose, mannitol, glucose, d-sorbitol in the vanadium electrolyte and reported that d-sorbitol exhibits the best electrochemical performance (energy efficiency 81.8%) in the VRB, proposing that the electrochemical activity of the electrolyte is improved by increasing (-OH) groups that provide active sites for electron transfer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Energy Density Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with 3 M Vanadium Electrolyte

Roe

Menictas

Skyllas‐Kazacos

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

249

169

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In this paper, a high energy density vanadium redox battery employing a 3 M vanadium electrolyte is reported. To stabilise the highly supersaturated vanadium solutions, several additives were evaluated as possible stabilizing agents for the thermal precipitation of supersaturated V(V) solutions at elevated temperatures. The Blank 3 M V(V) solution in a sulfuric acid supporting electrolyte containing 5 M total sulfates, showed thermal precipitation after 3 days, while the solution containing 1 wt% H 3 PO 4 additive increased the induction time for precipitation to over 47 days at 30 • C. After 32 days, 3 M V(V) solutions containing 1 wt% sodium pentapoIyphosphate, 1 wt% K 3 PO 4 and 2 wt% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + 1 wt% H 3 PO 4 showed final V(V) concentrations of 2.7, 2.7 and 2.6 M respectively, compared to 2.4 M V(V) in the Blank solution. From the screening tests, selected additives were used in vanadium redox flow cell cycling studies employing a 3 M vanadium electrolyte. The cell was subjected to 90 charge-discharge cycles and no precipitation or capacity loss was observed in the presence of 1wt% H 3 PO 4 + 2 wt% ammonium sulfate. These results demonstrate that a significant enhancement in the energy density of the VRB can be achieved in the presence of additives that act as precipitation inhibitors for the vanadium ions. The UNSW All-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) has been attracting considerable commercial interest in recent years, with several companies currently manufacturing VRB systems in Japan, USA, Austria and China. Although its energy density is relatively low compared to Li-ion batteries, the VRB offers excellent cycle life, energy efficiency and reasonable costs for storage capacities greater than 4 hours, making it ideal for large-scale energy storage in a range of stationary applications. [1][2][3][4][5] Efforts to increase the energy density of the vanadium redox flow battery have included the use of a mixed halide electrolyte in the case of the vanadium bromide redox battery developed by Skyllas-Kazacos and co-workers in Australia 6 and a mixed HCl-H 2 SO 4 supporting electrolyte as proposed by researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories in the USA. 7 In both cases however, the use of HCl and/or HBr in the electrolytes introduces the risk of acid, chlorine or bromine vapors at elevated temperatures or during overcharge, and therefore restricts the operating state-ofcharge range of the batteries, while also presenting a potential safety hazard.In contrast to both the VBr and mixed acid vanadium chemistries, the original UNSW All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery employs sulfuric acid as the supporting electrolyte, so any overcharge reactions produce oxygen gas at the positive electrode, making it a much safe system. Current VRB systems employ solutions of between 1.6 and 2 M vanadium ions in sulfuric acid with total sulfate concentrations ranging between 4 and 5 M and utilise the V(II)/V(III) and V(IV)/V(V) couples in the negative and positive half-cell electrolytes respectively. Increasing...

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Effect of organic additives on positive electrolyte for vanadium redox battery

Cited by 128 publications

References 22 publications

Influence of antimony ions in negative electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries

Influence of antimony ions in negative electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries

Numerical and experimental studies of stack shunt current for vanadium redox flow battery

A High Energy Density Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with 3 M Vanadium Electrolyte

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