Effect of operating environment on head–tape interface in a linear tape drive

Ambekar, Paritosh P; Bhushan, Bharat

doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(02)01416-6

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous testing has shown that for some tapes, high humidity is a desired condition in which the moisture acts as a lubricant to improve wear characteristics (Anderson and Bhushan 1997), while other tests have shown that the best interface performance occurs at low relative humidity (Goldade and Bhushan 2002;Ambekar and Bhushan 2003a). As it can be seen based on the data presented in this study as well as published literature, the effects of environment are dependent upon tape properties and interface characteristics.…”

Section: Effect Of Humidity In Full-length Pass Testsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Previous studies have shown that environment [temperature and relative humidity (RH)] has a remarkable effect on tribological and magnetic performance of the tape-drive interface as well as the durability of MP tape (Anderson and Bhushan 1997;Hempstock et al 2000;Goldade and Bhushan 2002;Ambekar and Bhushan 2003a) and ME tape (Patton andBhushan 1996, 1997;Luk and Bhushan 2001).…”

Section: Effect Of Humidity In Full-length Pass Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis and associated failure mechanisms of magnetic media in advanced linear tape drives

McDonough

Bhushan

2006

Microsyst Technol

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Flexible magnetic tape is widely used for data storage and archival, as future generation of tapes and drives will continue to increase overall storage capacities and data transfer rates. Tape portability, robust drive operation, longevity of magnetic media, and improved performance of head-tape interface under long-term use are required for magnetic tape to maintain a stronghold in the field of storage devices. Comparative studies were performed to investigate differences in performance of various cartridges in impact, tapes under long-term durability, and contamination of head-tape interface in advanced linear tape drives. A drop test was performed in which various cartridges were dropped from varying heights. Cartridge damage was recorded and indexed. Reinforced cartridge casing promotes good stability at low height impact, while casing significant plastic deformation in increased-height drops. Contamination and durability studies were performed in which debris generation, tape edge damage, tape cupping profiles, and error data was collected and analyzed for studies of head-tape interface. Most significant loose debris generation occurs as a result of wear at the tape edges, while adherent debris is related to tape binder system, and causes increases in drive error rate. Cleaning brushes have been incorporated into the design of drives to reduce the accumulation of all types of debris. A study was performed to determine the effectiveness of brushes on head surface cleaning. The use of brushes in drives was shown to be helpful in removal of both loose and adherent debris types. The effect of relative humidity at the interface was examined, and it was found that high relative humidity acts as a lubricant at the head-tape interface, helping to reduce tape wear. Low relative humidity can have differing effects on the interface performance, as it has shown to either increase or decrease debris accumulation, depending upon tape characteristics.

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Section: Effect Of Humidity In Full-length Pass Testsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Effect Of Humidity In Full-length Pass Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis and associated failure mechanisms of magnetic media in advanced linear tape drives

McDonough

Bhushan

2006

Microsyst Technol

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“…27 Bushan et al reported an increase in friction between the tape surface and player guides during playback in environments where temperature and humidity were elevated. 28 Liquid-mediated adhesion, known as stiction, is a function of the tape water content. 28 Thus, a degraded tape with high water content will exhibit more stiction than a degraded tape with low water content (such as a degraded tape which has recently been baked).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Liquid-mediated adhesion, known as stiction, is a function of the tape water content. 28 Thus, a degraded tape with high water content will exhibit more stiction than a degraded tape with low water content (such as a degraded tape which has recently been baked). This means that a degraded tape categorized as such by its infrared spectra may be found playable if it has low water content.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Minimally Invasive Identification of Degraded Polyester-Urethane Magnetic Tape Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Statistics

Cassidy

Fuenffinger

et al. 2015

Anal. Chem.

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Audio recordings are a significant component of the world's modern cultural history and are retained for future generations in libraries, archives, and museums. The vast majority of tapes contain polyester-urethane as the magnetic particle binder, the degradation of which threatens the playability and integrity of these often unique recordings. Magnetic tapes with stored historical data are degrading and need to be identified prior to digitization and/or preservation. We demonstrate the successful differentiation of playable and nonplayable quarter-inch audio tapes, allowing the minimally invasive triage of tape collections. Without such a method, recordings are put at risk during playback, which is the current method for identifying degraded tapes. A total of 133 quarter-inch audio tapes were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR). Classification of IR spectra in regards to tape playability was accomplished using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and K-means cluster analysis. The first principal component suggests intensities at the following wavenumbers to be representative of nonplayable tapes: 1730 cm(-1), 1700 cm(-1), 1255 cm(-1), and 1140 cm(-1). QDA and cluster analysis both successfully identified 93.78% of nonplayable tapes in the calibration set and 92.31% of nonplayable tapes in the test set. This application of IR spectra assessed with multivariate statistical analysis offers a path to greatly improve efficiency of audio tape preservation. This rapid, minimally invasive technique shows potential to replace the manual playback test, a potentially destructive technique, ultimately allowing the safe preservation of culturally valuable content.

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“…The tape formed two displacement‐bumps near the leading and trailing edges and this was the critical dependent variable determining whether the tape would contact the head or not. Afterwards, the operating environment, including temperature and humidity, on the head‐tape interface in a linear tape drive was discussed by Ambekar and Bhushan (2003). It was found that the best performance of the head‐tape interface was at low‐temperature and low‐relative humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of molecular rarefaction on head/tape interface in a linear tape drive

Hsu

Chiang

Lin

2007

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology

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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate analytically the air bearing pressure and film spacing of the linear head/tape interface by numerical iterations between the one‐dimensional compressible Reynolds and Bernoulli tape equations.Design/methodology/approachIn order to account for the molecular rarefaction effect of the ultra‐thin gas lubrication, the pressure flow rate with three optimal adjustable coefficients was implemented into the steady state Reynolds equation. Using the central finite difference approach, the two coupled nonlinear equations can be discretized and numerically solved. To speed up the convergence of the tape position to be obtained, a fictitious stiffness was implied during the process.FindingsBy comparison with the Talke's first order model, the differences are significant and cannot be neglected. A smaller film spacing of head/tape can be acquired by a lower tape speed or a higher tape tension, while the slot edge defect and stain will effectively lower the built‐up pressure, thus decreasing the recording density and data access efficiency.Originality/valueIncorporating the high‐order slip‐flow model into the modified Reynolds equation and coupled with the Bernoulli tape deflection equation, this study proposes a feasible approach to the analysis of molecular rarefaction effect on head/tape interface in a linear tape drive.

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Effect of operating environment on head–tape interface in a linear tape drive

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative analysis and associated failure mechanisms of magnetic media in advanced linear tape drives

Comparative analysis and associated failure mechanisms of magnetic media in advanced linear tape drives

Minimally Invasive Identification of Degraded Polyester-Urethane Magnetic Tape Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Statistics

Effect of molecular rarefaction on head/tape interface in a linear tape drive

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