Effect of Oestradiol Benzoate on Biliary Phospholipids in the Rat

Holloway, Richard L.; Heath, Trevor J

doi:10.1071/bi9731009

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…In bile, the presence of FFA has been demonstrated [ 33 , 34 ]. The elevated levels of bile FFAs were found to be an important and main risk factor for gallbladder wall thickening process [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Metabolite Changes in Disease Evolution in Cholecystolithiasis

Zhang,

Wang,

Cui

et al. 2023

Dig Dis Sci

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Background Cholecystolithiasis is defined as a disease caused by complex and changeable factors. Advanced age, female sex, and a hypercaloric diet rich in carbohydrates and poor in fiber, together with obesity and genetic factors, are the main factors that may predispose people to choledocholithiasis. However, serum biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis of choledocholithiasis remain unclear. Aims This study was designed to explore the pathogenesis of cholecystolithiasis and identify the possible metabolic and lipidomic biomarkers for the diagnosis of the disease. Methods Using UHPLC-MS/MS and GC–MS, we detected the serum of 28 cholecystolithiasis patients and 19 controls. Statistical analysis of multiple variables included Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Visualization of differential metabolites was performed using volcano plots. The screened differential metabolites were further analyzed using clustering heatmaps. The quality of the model was assessed using random forests. Results In this study, dramatically altered lipid homeostasis was detected in cholecystolithiasis group. In addition, the levels of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids were noticeably changed in patients with cholecystolithiasis. They detected higher levels of FFA.18.1, FFA.20.1, LPC16.0, and LPC20.1, but lower levels of 1-Methyl- l -histidine and 4-Hydroxyproline. In addition, glycine and l -Tyrosine were higher in choledocholithiasis group. Analyses of metabolic serum in affected patients have the potential to develop an integrated metabolite-based biomarker model that can facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Conclusion Our results highlight the value of integrating lipid, amino acid, and short-chain fatty acid to explore the pathophysiology of cholecystolithiasis disease, and consequently, improve clinical decision-making. Graphical Abstract Using UHPLC-MS/MS and GC–MS, the serum of 28 cholecystolithiasis patients and 19 controls were analyzed. Through differential metabolite analysis, we found that the cholecystolithiasis group was detected with dramatically altered lipid homeostasis compared with healthy controls. In addition, the levels of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids were noticeably changed in patients with cholecystolithiasis. They detected higher levels of FFA.18.1, FFA.20.1, LPC16.0, and LPC20.1, but lower levels of 1-Methyl- l -histidine and 4-Hydroxyproline. Moreover, glycine and l -Tyrosine were higher in choledocholithiasis group. The results not only identify new targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cholecystolithiasis but may also provide valuable insights for the research of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Metabolite Changes in Disease Evolution in Cholecystolithiasis

Zhang,

Wang,

Cui

et al. 2023

Dig Dis Sci

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Free fatty acids have nucleating effects in model biles

Halpern

Goldman

Peled

et al. 1992

Liver

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ABSTRACT— Nucleating factors are thought to be responsible for the more rapid nucleation of gallbladder bile from patients with gallstones as compared to controls. Biliary proteins and, in particular, mucus and non‐mucus glycoproteins are the focus of current research. Non‐protein nucleating factors were not extensively investigated. In this study we studied the role of free fatty acids (FFA) as possible nucleating factors. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid were added to model biles in increasing concentrations from 0 to 20 μmol/ml. The nucleation time of model biles decreased to 45%‐60% of the initial following the addition of 0.5 to 1 μmol/ml of each of the three fatty acids. Only a small further decrease in the nucleation time was noted with higher concentrations of up to 20 μmol/ml. The pronucleating effect of FFA added to whole model bile was also examined in the isolated vesicular and non‐vesicular fractions. The decrease in the nucleation time at each concentration of the three fatty acids was in the following order of magnitude: whole bile > vesicular phase > non‐vesicular phase. The addition of each of the three fatty acids resulted in a partial solubilization of vesicles, with transfer of their lipid contents to the non‐vesicular fraction. The effect was more marked with oleic acid and least marked with linoleic acid. The vesicular cholesterol to phospholipid ratio did not change following the addition of exogenous free fatty acids. Studies with labeled FFA showed that they migrated with the non‐vesicular fraction on gel chromatography. The three fatty acids exerted their nucleating effect at low concentration, which may be close to the physiologic range. Free fatty acids may thus be nucleating factors in human bile. Their pathophysiologic importance and mechanism of action remain to be elucidated.

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Bile and plasma lipid composition in non‐obese normo‐lipidemic subjects with and without cholesterol gallstones

Halpern

Rubin

Harach

et al. 1993

Liver

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ABSTRACT— A two‐stage study was carried out to characterize the bile and plasma lipid composition in normolipidemic non‐obese patients with and without cholesterol gallstones. The first stage involved 11 patients with cholesterol gallstones admitted for elective cholecystectomy and a control group of 16 patients without cholesterol gallstones undergoing elective laparotomy. Bile samples were obtained intraoperatively by aspiration from the gallbladder. The bile of all the gallstone patients was supersaturated with cholesterol and its nucleation time was much shorter than that of bile in the control group (2.5 days vs 22.5 days, respectively, P<0.001). The biliary fatty acid profile of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and free fatty acids (FFA) of gallstone patients was similar to that of the control group. C‐22 fatty acids were found in a higher concentration in the FFA than in the PC fatty acids (P<0.05) in both groups of patients. Plasma triglyceride levels in the gallstone patients were significantly higher than those in the control group and the biliary cholesterol level correlated with that of plasma triglycerides. In the second stage of the study, plasma lipid profiles were obtained in two additional groups of patients, 20 patients with and 24 patients without cholesterol gallstones, for an in‐depth characterization of the differences in plasma lipid profiles. The gallstone patients were found to have not only significantly higher concentrations of plasma triglycerides but increased cholesterol and phospholipid level as well. These differences were essentially due to a higher lipid content of the plasma VLDL fraction, similar to the pattern of patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.

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Effect of Oestradiol Benzoate on Biliary Phospholipids in the Rat

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Features of Metabolite Changes in Disease Evolution in Cholecystolithiasis

Features of Metabolite Changes in Disease Evolution in Cholecystolithiasis

Free fatty acids have nucleating effects in model biles

Bile and plasma lipid composition in non‐obese normo‐lipidemic subjects with and without cholesterol gallstones

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