Bile and plasma lipid composition in non‐obese normo‐lipidemic subjects with and without cholesterol gallstones

Halpern, Zamir; Rubin, Moshe; Harach, G.; Grotto, Itamar; Moser, Asher; Dvir, Addie; Lichtenberg, Dov; Gilat, T

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00639.x

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Specifically, bile is rich in micelles, high, intermediate, low and very-low density lipoproteins, which are composed of varying proportions of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and amphipathic proteins42. Bile is also rich in branched-chain amino acids43 and long-chain saturated palmitic acid (C16:0) as well as unsaturated linoelaidic (C18:2) and arachidonic (C20:4) fatty acids44. In contrast, although O. viverrini uses glycolysis for energy production, bile is usually depleted of glucose45; thus, this fluke has evolved several adaptations to a life in bile (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Opisthorchis viverrini genome provides insights into life in the bile duct

et al. 2014

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Opisthorchiasis is a neglected, tropical disease caused by the carcinogenic Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This hepatobiliary disease is linked to malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Asia. No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is used against the parasite. Little is known about O. viverrini biology and the diseases that it causes. Here we characterize the draft genome (634.5 Mb) and transcriptomes of O. viverrini, elucidate how this fluke survives in the hostile environment within the bile duct and show that metabolic pathways in the parasite are highly adapted to a lipid-rich diet from bile and/or cholangiocytes. We also provide additional evidence that O. viverrini and other flukes secrete proteins that directly modulate host cell proliferation. Our molecular resources now underpin profound explorations of opisthorchiasis/CCA and the design of new interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Opisthorchis viverrini genome provides insights into life in the bile duct

et al. 2014

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“…Because we found no considerable evidence for disease effects due to biliary stones, it is possible that high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of HDL and apo A, may affect the risk of biliary stones through their involvement in several key processes of gallstone pathogenesis. For example, high serum triglyceride levels are associated with increased cholesterol saturation of the bile 7,30,31 and rapid nucleation of cholesterol crystals, 32 important precursors to gallstones. Similarly, low serum levels of apo A have been linked to decreased cholesterol crystallization in the bile, 33 and low serum levels of HDL have been associated with increased biliary cholesterol saturation and bile acid hyposecretion, 8,[30][31][32] which reduces cholesterol solubility in the bile and leads to gallstone formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, high serum triglyceride levels are associated with increased cholesterol saturation of the bile 7,30,31 and rapid nucleation of cholesterol crystals, 32 important precursors to gallstones. Similarly, low serum levels of apo A have been linked to decreased cholesterol crystallization in the bile, 33 and low serum levels of HDL have been associated with increased biliary cholesterol saturation and bile acid hyposecretion, 8,[30][31][32] which reduces cholesterol solubility in the bile and leads to gallstone formation. 34 Although the exact role of low levels of total cholesterol and/or LDL in gallstone formation is unclear, a number of indirect observations suggest a possible inverse association between total cholesterol and gallstone pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population‐based study in China

Andreotti

Chen

Gao

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Biliary tract cancers, encompassing the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. Gallstones, the predominant risk factor for biliary cancers, are linked with hyperlipidemia. As part of a populationbased case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we examined the associations of serum lipid levels with biliary stones and cancers. We included 460 biliary cancer cases (264 gallbladder, 141 extrahepatic bile duct, and 55 ampulla of Vater), 981 biliary stone cases and 858 healthy individuals randomly selected from the population. Participants completed an in-person interview and gave overnight fasting blood samples. Participants in the highest quintile of triglycerides (≥160 mg/dl) had a 1.4-fold risk of biliary stones (95% CI 5 1.1-1.9), a 1.9-fold risk of gallbladder cancer (95% CI 5 1.3-2.8), and a 4.8-fold risk of bile duct cancer (95% CI 5 2.8-8.1), compared to the reference group (third quintile: 90-124 mg/dl). Participants in the lowest quintile of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (<30 mg/dl) had a 4.2-fold risk of biliary stones (95% CI 5 3.0-6.0), an 11.6-fold risk of gallbladder cancer (95% CI 5 7.3-18.5), and a 16.8-fold risk of bile duct cancer (95% CI 5 9.1-30.9), relative to the reference group (third quintile: 40-49 mg/dl). In addition, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein A (apo A) were inversely associated with biliary stones; whereas low levels as well as high levels of total cholesterol, LDL, apo A and apolipoprotein B (apo B) were associated with excess risks of biliary tract cancers. Our findings support a role for serum lipids in gallstone development and biliary carcinogenesis. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: serum lipid levels; gallstones; biliary tract cancer Biliary tract cancers, consisting of tumors of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. 1,2 Gallstones are the most important known risk factor for all three biliary tract cancer subsites. Specifically, cholesterol gallstones (composed mainly of cholesterol) and mixed gallstones (composed of both cholesterol and bilirubin) are most strongly associated with gallbladder cancer. 2,3 Furthermore, cholesterol gallstones and gallbladder cancer share a number of putative risk factors, including obesity, high fat diet and hyperlipidemia. 2,4 Hyperlipidemia is generally characterized by high serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL), and low levels of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL). High triglycerides and low HDL have been most consistently associated with gallstones, whereas the associations of total cholesterol and LDL with gallstones are less consistent. [5][6][7] Cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis involves cholesterol saturation of the bile duct due to the hypersecretion of cholesterol from the liver 8 ; however, the exact role of individual lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins is less clear.Given the relationship between hyperlipidemia and gallsto...

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“…They also showed that high TG serum levels and low ApoA‐I, were significantly associated with an increased risk of biliary stones as well as excess risks of biliary tract cancers. They proposed several key processes of gallstone pathogenesis connecting the fact that high TG has been associated with increased cholesterol saturation of the bile and rapid nucleation of cholesterol crystals, important precursors to gallstones . Similarly, low serum levels of ApoA‐I have been linked to decreased cholesterol crystallization in the bile , and low serum levels of HDL have been associated with increased biliary cholesterol saturation and bile acid hyposecretion .…”

Section: Lipid Profile Associated With Several Types Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The real role of prediagnostic high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and the cancer risk: a concise review

Vı́lchez

Martínez-Ruiz

Sancho‐Rodríguez³

et al. 2013

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background In several observational and clinical studies, the association between serum cholesterol levels and cancer is still unsettled although serum total cholesterol has been associated with increased mortality from cancer. Moreover, the importance of abnormal levels of serum lipid components as the main features of dyslipidemia and the risk of individual cancers is unclear. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increasing worldwide but, the precise aetiology of the link between risk of cancer and the behaviour of lipid profile, prior diagnosis, has yet to be determinated. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) at baseline of many of the studies analyzed has to be taken into account, and continued low levels of HDL without explanation should be considered by clinicians.

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Bile and plasma lipid composition in non‐obese normo‐lipidemic subjects with and without cholesterol gallstones

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

The Opisthorchis viverrini genome provides insights into life in the bile duct

The Opisthorchis viverrini genome provides insights into life in the bile duct

Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population‐based study in China

The real role of prediagnostic high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and the cancer risk: a concise review

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