Effect of oestradiol-17β on the expression of oestrogen receptor mRNA in human tonsillar cells

Evagelatou, Marianthi; Farrant, J.

doi:10.1677/jme.0.0140013

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A similar ER mRNA expression pattern was observed in CD4 + T cells activated through the T cell receptor with anti-CD3 mAb plus anti-CD28 mAb (data not shown). These results are in agreement with those previously reported in which activation of tonsillar cells had no effect on ER␣ expression [38]. Together these findings suggest that estrogen can act on both resting and activated cells in a similar manner.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Differential estrogen receptor gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations

Phiel¹,

Henderson²,

Adelman³

et al. 2005

Immunology Letters

295

230

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Differential estrogen receptor gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations

Phiel¹,

Henderson²,

Adelman³

et al. 2005

Immunology Letters

295

230

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“…Both had increased lymphoid tissue, but the boys had predominantly larger tonsils, whereas the girls had predominantly larger adenoids. The reason for these sex differences is unknown, but it may be related to differences in estrogen receptors in lymphoid tissue (46,47); further study is needed in this area. Clinically, this difference may not be important, as usual surgical treatment includes both adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Anatomic Basis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Adolescents

Schwab

Kim

Bagchi

et al. 2015

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Rationale: Structural risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in adolescents have not been well characterized. Because many adolescents with OSAS are obese, we hypothesized that the anatomic OSAS risk factors would be more similar to those in adults than those in children.Objectives: To investigate the anatomic risk factors in adolescents with OSAS compared with obese and lean control subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: Three groups of adolescents (age range: 12-16 yr) underwent MRI: obese individuals with OSAS (n = 49), obese control subjects (n = 38), and lean control subjects (n = 50). Measurements and Main Results:We studied 137 subjects and found that (1) obese adolescents with OSAS had increased adenotonsillar tissue compared with obese and lean control subjects; (2) obese OSAS adolescents had a smaller nasopharyngeal airway than control subjects; (3) the size of other upper airway soft tissue structures (volume of the tongue, parapharyngeal fat pads, lateral walls, and soft palate) was similar between subjects with OSAS and obese control subjects; (4) although there were no major craniofacial abnormalities in most of the adolescents with OSAS, the ratio of soft tissue to craniofacial space surrounding the airway was increased; and (5) there were sex differences in the pattern of lymphoid proliferation.Conclusions: Increased size of the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, rather than enlargement of the upper airway soft tissue structures, is the primary anatomic risk factor for OSAS in obese adolescents. These results are important for clinical decision making and suggest that adenotonsillectomy should be considered as the initial treatment for OSAS in obese adolescents, a group that has poor continuous positive airway pressure adherence and difficulty in achieving weight loss.Keywords: adenoid; adolescents; MRI; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; tonsils The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in children and adults, but it has not been well studied in adolescents. In one study, researchers reported the prevalence of OSAS in adolescents to be 2% (1), but the prevalence is probably higher in the United States because of the adolescent obesity epidemic (2). OSAS in children is thought to be secondary to a combination of enlargement of the lymphoid tissue (tonsils and adenoid) (3) and, sometimes, obesity, as well as to reductions in neuromuscular tone (4). In adults, there are known anatomic risk factors for OSAS, including enlargement of the tongue, soft palate, parapharyngeal fat pads, and lateral pharyngeal walls (5) in conjunction with craniofacial restriction (retrognathia) (6). In addition to anatomic factors, physiologic mechanisms increase OSAS risk in both children and adults (7-12). Although these risk factors for OSAS have been well described in children and adults, few Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL058585, R01 HL089447, and P01 HL094307).Author Contributions: Conception and design: R.J.S., R.M.B., S.H., and C.L...

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Effect of 17β-oestradiol on expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNA in human tonsillar cells

Evagelatou

Farrant

1995

Endocr

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Oestradiol (E(2)) alters lymphocyte functionin vitro including T cell DNA synthesis and B cell immunoglobulin production in human tonsillar, splenic and peripheral blood cells. We have investigated whether one mechanism for this effect is that E(2) modifies the expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNA in human tonsillar mononuclear cells. Without E(2), addition of PHA (1 μg ml(-1)) for 10 h increased the expression of IL-2 and IL-6 mRNA but had no significant effect on IFN-γ mRNA. In separated T cells after 24 h incubation, E(2) (7×10(-8) M: ) increased only the IFN-γ mRNA levels. However, when E(2) was present in PHA-stimulated T cell cultures, mRNA levels from all cytokines were suppressed. E(2) decreased IL-2 mRNA levels in the T cell preparation after 24 h culture. For IL-6, E(2) decreased mRNA both in mononuclear cells and T cells after 10 h incubation. For IFN-γ, E(2) decreased mRNA levels in the mononuclear cell preparation after 24 h culture. Stimulation of the T cell preparation with PHA after 24 h incubation with E(2) decreased the IFN-γ mRNA levels compared to the cultures incubated with E(2) only. One part of the action of E(2) may be through a block in the up-regulation of the mRNA of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ in activated cells.

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Effect of oestradiol-17β on the expression of oestrogen receptor mRNA in human tonsillar cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Differential estrogen receptor gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations

Differential estrogen receptor gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations

Understanding the Anatomic Basis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Adolescents

Effect of 17β-oestradiol on expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNA in human tonsillar cells

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