Effect of occlusion on human skin

Matsumura, H.; Oka, Keiji; Umekage, Kazuo; Akita, Hirotaka; Kawal, J.; Kitazawa, Yoshiaki; Suda, Shin; Tsubota, Ken Ichi; Ninomiya, Yoshiharu; Hirai, Hideyuki; Miyata, Kôji; Morikubo, K.; Nakagawa, Mikio; Okada, Takeshi; Kawai, K.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00472.x

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…When the skin is covered with a dry absorbent article the moisture sources leading to the increase in skin hydration are TEWL and sweating [26]. In the vulva area the contribution from TEWL is increased versus the fore- Schäfer/Bewick-Sonntag/Capri/ Berardesca arm due to the higher baseline evaporation from the vulva [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes in Skin Barrier Function in Relation to Occlusion Level, Exposure Time and Climatic Conditions

Schafer

Bewick-Sonntag

Capri

et al. 2001

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Skin occlusion is a condition encountered with various articles as part of everyday life and resulting changes in skin barrier physiology often remain unnoticed. In the present study we aimed to understand the impact of absorbent feminine hygiene articles, one vapor-permeable and one vapor-impermeable, on skin hydration in response to exposure time and different environmental climatic conditions. Using a forearm model, volunteers were patched with moistened vapor-permeable and -impermeable articles in parallel for 1, 3, and 6 h and under different climatic conditions (i.e. 20°C/30% relative humidity, 25°C/50% relative humidity, 30°C/ 75% relative humidity). The physiological changes in the skin barrier function were measured via skin hydration, evaporation of superficial water (skin surface water loss, SSWL) and relative humidity in the microclimate between skin and occlusive article (RH_mc). The results show that skin hydration, SSWL, and RH_mc under a vapor-permeable article are reduced versus the vapor-impermeable article for all exposure times at 25°C and 50% relative humidity. SSWL and RH_mc decrease from their 1-hour peak values with increasing exposure time, while skin hydration decreases only after 3 h of exposure. Lower environmental temperature (20°C) and lower relative humidity (30%) have little impact on the reduction of SSWL and RH_mc, but more so on the reduction of skin hydration. Higher temperature (30°C) and higher relative humidity (75%) increase RH_mc and skin hydration under both vapor-permeable and -impermeable articles while SSWL is reduced under the vapor-impermeable article under these conditions. In conclusion, vapor-permeability is the key factor for physiological changes in the barrier function of the skin under occlusion, exposure time and climatic conditions being modulating factors. These findings have been integrated into a model of skin hydration under occlusion in the context of absorbent hygiene articles. While current vapor-impermeable articles are effective in reducing the excessive moisture on the skin due to bodily discharge, vapor permeability adds a further measurable benefit in reducing skin overhydration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes in Skin Barrier Function in Relation to Occlusion Level, Exposure Time and Climatic Conditions

Schafer

Bewick-Sonntag

Capri

et al. 2001

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…With 24 h occlusion, the relative water content in stratum corneum can be increased significantly from 53% without occulsion to 59% with occlusion (20). 24 h occlusion can induce morphological changes on the surface, deepening skin furrows (22). Water under occlusion may disrupt barrier lipids and damage the stratum corneum in a way similar to surfactants (28).…”

Section: Effects Of Occlusion On Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occlusion vs. skin barrier function

Zhai

Maibach

2002

Skin Research and Technology

167

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Background/aims: Skin occlusion may increase percutaneous absorption of applied chemicals, with some exceptions. It also obstructs the normal ventilation of the skin surface and increases stratum corneum hydration and hence compromises skin barrier function. Methods/results: This review focuses the effects of occlusion on skin barrier function, in particularly, as defined with objective skin bioengineering technology. Conclusions: The effects of occlusion on skin barrier function have been defined with various techniques. Optimal hydrocolloid materials can absorb excess water and reduce the unfavourable effects of occlusion.

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“…The enhanced skin hydration can induce morphological changes of the stratum corneum such as swelling of the corneocytes [2] , water uptake into intercellular lipid domains [3] and deepening of skin furrows [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Bioavailability of Triamcinolone Acetonide: Effect of Occlusion

Pellanda¹,

Strub²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2006

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Aims: Occlusion by covering the skin with an impermeable wrap enhances skin hydration, affects drug absorption and can induce the formation of a drug reservoir within the stratum corneum. This is desired in local therapy with topical corticosteroids. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of occlusion before (experiment 1) and after (experiment 2) application on the penetration of triamcinolone acetonide (TACA) into the stratum corneum. Methods: The experiments were conducted on the forearms of 10 healthy volunteers. In experiment 1, 100 µg/cm² TACA in acetone were applied on 3 sites per arm, one arm having been pre-occluded for 16 h. In experiment 2, the same dose was applied on 2 sites per arm, and one arm was occluded after application until skin sampling. Stratum corneum samples were removed by tape stripping at 0.5, 4 and 24 h (experiment 1) and 4 and 24 h (experiment 2) after application. Corneocytes and TACA were quantified by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and HPLC, respectively. The total TACA amount penetrated into the stratum corneum was evaluated by multifactor ANOVA. Results: TACA penetration into the stratum corneum with and without pre-occlusion (experiment 1) showed no significant difference and decreased with time. Occlusion after application (experiment 2) produced a marked TACA accumulation within the stratum corneum, which persisted for 24 h. Conclusion: Pre-occlusion showed no effect on the topical bioavailability of TACA in the stratum corneum. In contrast, post-occlusion enhanced the TACA penetration by a factor of 2, favouring the development of a drug reservoir.

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Effect of occlusion on human skin

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Physiological Changes in Skin Barrier Function in Relation to Occlusion Level, Exposure Time and Climatic Conditions

Physiological Changes in Skin Barrier Function in Relation to Occlusion Level, Exposure Time and Climatic Conditions

Occlusion vs. skin barrier function

Topical Bioavailability of Triamcinolone Acetonide: Effect of Occlusion

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