Effect of O2 content in argon-based shielding gas on arc wandering in WAAM of aluminum thin walls

Silva, Leandro João da; Scotti, Fernando Matos; Fernandes, Diandro Bailoni; Reis, Ruham Pablo; Scotti, Américo

doi:10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.01.018

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Ríos et al [7] showed that the layer geometry indeed tends to fit a semi-cylindrical geometry due to surface tension effects. By considering a feasible wall width range as between 4 and 7 mm, which is in concordance with the literature [19,20], the WFS, TS, and LH values were predicted through a geometrical correlation presented in Equation ( 6). Figure 5 shows the work envelope as predicted, which was built considering variations of the TWW value in steps of 1 mm.…”

Section: Starting Point For the Development Of The Work Envelopesupporting

confidence: 66%

“…It can be noticed that the WFS and TS values estimated all fall into a processable area of the operational map (Equations ( 4) and ( 5)). In this parametric chart, the WFS and TS parameters can be selected for a target TWW (y- By considering a feasible wall width range as between 4 and 7 mm, which is in concordance with the literature [19,20], the WFS, TS, and LH values were predicted through a geometrical correlation presented in Equation ( 6). Figure 5 shows the work envelope as predicted, which was built considering variations of the TWW value in steps of 1 mm.…”

Section: Starting Point For the Development Of The Work Envelopementioning

confidence: 55%

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Work Envelope Expansion and Parametric Optimization in WAAM with Relative Density and Surface Aspect as Quality Constraints: The Case of Al5Mg Thin Walls with Active Cooling

Silva

Teixeira

Araújo

et al. 2021

JMMP

Self Cite

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The successful and efficient production of parts with specific features by Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) strongly depends on the selection of proper and typically interrelated deposition parameters. This task might be particularly challenging in the making of thin walls, which might be highly impacted by processing conditions and heat accumulation. In this context, this study aims at expanding the work envelope and optimizing the parametric conditions in WAAM with relative density and surface aspects of the preforms as quality constraints. The experimental approach was based on the deposition of thin Al5Mg walls by the CMT process on its standard welding setup and with an active cooling technique to enhance the deposition robustness. Internal voids were estimated by Archimedes’ method. The surface quality of the walls was assessed through the visual aspect and the surface waviness by cross-section analysis. All the conditions presented relative density higher than 98%. The upgrade of the standard welding hardware to WAAM purposes through the addition of a supplementary shielding gas nozzle to the torch and the intensity of the heat sinking from the part significantly expanded the process work envelope, with its applicability being successfully demonstrated with multi-objective optimization. To sum up, a decision-making procedure is presented towards achieving intended preform quality.

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Section: Starting Point For the Development Of The Work Envelopesupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Starting Point For the Development Of The Work Envelopementioning

confidence: 55%

Work Envelope Expansion and Parametric Optimization in WAAM with Relative Density and Surface Aspect as Quality Constraints: The Case of Al5Mg Thin Walls with Active Cooling

Silva

Teixeira

Araújo

et al. 2021

JMMP

Self Cite

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“…In terms of the use of shielding gases some studies have proven that important content of O2 in the shielding gas, provides enough oxides in the weld pool so the arc does not need to search for new oxides on the walls [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Environmental Assessment in Process Engineering of Metal Additive Manufacturing Technology

Mrabet

Gaha

Marteau

et al. 2022

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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Lately researchers have been paying more attention to the environmental aspect, especially since our planet is nowadays threatened by multiple phenomena. In this context as a manufacturing process, the additive manufacturing appeared as a trend in its domain because it’s economic, eliminates raw material waste and allows to make complex shapes, which may not be obtained by conventional manufacturing processes. There are many additive manufacturing processes, this research will focus only on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing which has an impact on the environment, by consuming energy (for welding, for cooling, moving the nozzle) and gases. In this paper will provide an overview to the different studies related to the environmental aspect of this process, where some have concentrated on the parameters that surround the product, other studies focused on the parameters related to the process. We will group all the ideas to find an application of the process in the context of sustainable development.

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“…In the case of the welding gases used, generally, the main plasma is created by ionizing argon gas as explained above, but to increase the energy input in aluminum alloys, mixtures of argon-helium can be employed. The shielding gas that locally protects the welding pool can influence the mechanical properties and welding conditions of some materials; for example, for some steel alloys, the use of argoncarbon dioxide mixture is recommendable [13][14][15][16]. One of the most important aspects to control the welding process is the weld pool.…”

Section: Plasma Metal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Metal Deposition for Metallic Materials

Galván¹,

Montealegre-Meléndez²,

Mora³

et al. 2022

Advanced Additive Manufacturing

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Plasma metal deposition (PMD®) is a promising and economical direct energy deposition technique for metal additive manufacturing based on plasma as an energy source. This process allows the use of powder, wire, or both combined as feedstock material to create near-net-shape large size components (i.e., >1 m) with high-deposition rates (i.e., 10 kg/h). Among the already PMD® processed materials stand out high-temperature resistance nickel-based alloys, diverse steels and stainless steels commonly used in the industry, titanium alloys for the aerospace field, and lightweight alloys. Furthermore, the use of powder as feedstock also allows to produce metal matrix composites reinforced with a wide range of materials. This chapter presents the characteristics of the PMD® technology, the welding parameters affecting additive manufacturing, examples of different fabricated materials, as well as the challenges and developments of the rising PMD® technology.

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Effect of O2 content in argon-based shielding gas on arc wandering in WAAM of aluminum thin walls

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Work Envelope Expansion and Parametric Optimization in WAAM with Relative Density and Surface Aspect as Quality Constraints: The Case of Al5Mg Thin Walls with Active Cooling

Work Envelope Expansion and Parametric Optimization in WAAM with Relative Density and Surface Aspect as Quality Constraints: The Case of Al5Mg Thin Walls with Active Cooling

Integration of Environmental Assessment in Process Engineering of Metal Additive Manufacturing Technology

Plasma Metal Deposition for Metallic Materials

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