The integration of environmental aspects in design frameworks has become a necessity for manufacturers to maintain their market position. This is especially true in the Computer Aided Design (CAD) phase, which is the last phase in the design process. At this stage, more than 80% of choices have been made. However, the environmental impacts generated by the remaining choices are significant. Features Technology (FT), the core of the CAD phase, is used to integrate environmental aspects. This paper presents a literature review of different works based on FT to ecodesign products. First, we present an overview of features in CAD systems. Second, we present a critical review of works done on ecodesigning with features that we divide into two subsections: the first one concerns CAD-Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) integration (methodologies, prototype tools, and commercial tools), and the second one, works using FT in CAD phase to reduce the environmental impact of one life cycle stage such as material selection or manufacturing. Finally, we propose an approach based on FT for ecodesigning products to promote simple new ecodesign tools which will help the inexperienced designer.
For a designed part, if different sets of features are used for machining, the manufacturing Environmental impacts (EIs)as well as cost may vary. In this research, a new methodology based on feature technology is proposed in order to help designer till detail design phase to choose the most optimal compromise Environmental Impact/Cost in manufacturing process. Hence an Environmental impact/Cost model is presented. This model follow the activities required for machining a set of features which are tool setups , fixturing setups and machining tool paths. The paper starts by presenting features based models which are the base of the methodology proposed. Then, a state of the art about using Feature technology in reducing on one side manufacturing cost and on the other side manufacturing environmental impacts is presented. Finally an environmental impact/cost methodology for evaluating multiple feature-base machining methods is proposed.
Reducing the environmental impacts of products surrounding us in our daily lives has become a common concern for the industry as well as for consumers. The practice of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) allowsdeterminingnot only the environmental impacts centers but also the overriding factors on which it is still possible to act at the design phase. The geometric modeling phase in the design process represents an important step to make the necessary changes on the product in order to reduce its environmental hotspots. In this paper, we have eco-designed a basin mixer by acting on its geometric modeling phase, after identifying its various environmental hotspots from a LCA practiced and determining the factors still editable on CAD phase. An environmental comparison between the eco-designed mixer and the original one has been established, which shows a 66% reduction of impacts linked only to the amount of material used.
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