Effect of nut consumption on vascular endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Xiao, Yunjun; Huang, Wei; Peng, Chaoqiong; Zhang, Jinzhou; Wong, Carmen; Kim, Jean H.; Yeoh, Eng‐Kiong; Su, Xing

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.04.011

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“… 29 The reduced risk of heart failure associated with moderate but not high nut consumption might be related to that high nut consumption increases rather than decreases body weight. Nuts may also beneficially influence cardiovascular health through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, 1 improvement of endothelial function 3 and reduction of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. 1 2 However, the effect of nut intake on cholesterol appears to be non-linear with an effect primarily seen at intakes of at least 60 g/day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nuts are rich sources of unsaturated fatty acids, protein, fibre, minerals (eg, magnesium, potassium and zinc), vitamin E, folate and other bioactive compounds such as phenolics and phytosterols. 1 Nut consumption may influence cardiovascular health by improving blood lipid levels 1 2 and endothelial function, 3 reducing the risk of weight gain, 4 and via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. 1 Meta-analyses of prospective studies have shown that nut consumption is inversely associated with death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), total coronary heart disease and total stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nut consumption and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases

Larsson

Drca

Björck

et al. 2018

Heart

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundNut consumption has been found to be inversely associated with cardiovascular disease mortality, but the association between nut consumption and incidence of specific cardiovascular diseases is unclear. We examined the association between nut consumption and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases.MethodsThis prospective study included 61 364 Swedish adults who had completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire and were followed up for 17 years through linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Death Registers.ResultsNut consumption was inversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and abdominal aortic aneurysm in the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis. However, adjustment for multiple risk factors attenuated these associations and only a linear, dose–response, association with atrial fibrillation (ptrend=0.004) and a non-linear association (pnon-linearity=0.003) with heart failure remained. Compared with no consumption of nuts, the multivariable HRs (95% CI) of atrial fibrillation across categories of nut consumption were 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) for 1–3 times/month, 0.88 (0.79 to 0.99) for 1–2 times/week and 0.82 (0.68 to 0.99) for ≥3 times/week. For heart failure, the corresponding HRs (95% CI) were 0.87 (0.80 to 0.94), 0.80 (0.67 to 0.97) and 0.98 (0.76 to 1.27). Nut consumption was not associated with risk of aortic valve stenosis, ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that nut consumption or factors associated with this nutritional behaviour may play a role in reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation and possibly heart failure.Trial registration numberNCT01127711 and NCT01127698; Results.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nut consumption and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases

Larsson

Drca

Björck

et al. 2018

Heart

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most past studies that have measured blood pressure have reported no change with dietary walnuts [ 16 , 28 ]. However, several studies have reported improved endothelial function in association with walnuts, with increased flow-mediated dilation in overweight volunteers [ 29 ], in hyperlipidemic patients [ 30 ], and improved endothelial function in association with walnuts was confirmed in a systematic review [ 31 ]. There is evidence that endothelial and vascular function may be improved through increased production of nitric oxide from its precursor arginine, and through inhibition of endothelin-1 [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Walnut Supplementation in a Mouse Model of the Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is extensive evidence that walnut consumption is protective against cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the healthy population, but the beneficial effects of walnut consumption in individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain uncertain. We compared a range of cardio-metabolic traits and related tissue gene expression associated with 21 weeks of dietary walnut supplementation in a mouse model of MetS (MetS-Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 10 per genotype per diet, equal males and females). Compared to standard diet, walnuts did not significantly alter food consumption or body weight trajectory of either MetS-Tg or WT mice. In MetS-Tg mice, walnuts were associated with reductions in oral glucose area under the curve (gAUC, standard diet 1455 ± 54, walnut 1146 ± 91, p = 0.006) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, standard diet 100.6 ± 1.9, walnut 73.2 ± 1.8 mmHg, p < 0.001), with neutral effects on gAUC and MAP in WT mice. However, in MetS-Tg mice, walnuts were also associated with trends for higher plasma cholesterol (standard diet 4.73 ± 0.18, walnut 7.03 ± 1.99 mmol/L, p = 0.140) and triglyceride levels (standard diet 2.4 ± 0.5, walnut 5.4 ± 1.6 mmol/L, p = 0.061), despite lowering cholesterol and having no effect on triglycerides in WT mice. Moreover, in both MetS-Tg and WT mice, walnuts were associated with significantly increased liver expression of genes associated with metabolism (Fabp1, Insr), cell stress (Atf6, Ddit3, Eif2ak3), fibrosis (Hgf, Sp1, Timp1) and inflammation (Tnf, Ptpn22, Pparg). In conclusion, dietary walnuts were associated with modest favourable effects in WT mice, but a combination of beneficial and adverse effects in MetS-Tg mice, and up-regulation of hepatic pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes in both mouse strains.

show abstract

“…Each type of nut has its own particular characteristics [ 9 , 19 ]. To the best of our knowledge, regarding the unique nutrient profiles of nuts and their effects on metabolic status, no previous studies have elucidated the direct association of different types of nuts such as almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts and pistachio with MetS risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of Nut Consumption and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to assess the association of various types of nut per se, and total nut consumption with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A 6.2 ± 0.7-year population-based prospective study was conducted among 1265 adults, aged 19–74 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. A 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on nut consumption. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement guidelines and 276 new cases of MetS were identified. Median ± interquartile range of nut consumption was 2.08 (0.88–5.68) servings/week. After adjusting for family history of diabetes, age, gender, smoking, physical activity, fasting serum glucose at baseline, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at baseline, energy intake, fiber, macronutrients, cholesterol intake, fruit, vegetables, dairy products and body mass index (BMI), a statistically significant decrease was observed in MetS in the third (≥5 servings/week) tertile of nuts (odds ratio: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.44–0.91, p trend: 0.03) compared with the lowest (≤1 serving/week). Walnut consumption showed a significant, inverse association with MetS risk; associations for other nut varieties were not significant. For each additional serving/week of walnuts consumed, incidence of MetS decreased by 3% (ORs: 0.97 CI: 0.93–0.99), after adjusting for confounding factors. Total nut consumption, especially walnuts, reduces the risk of MetS.

show abstract

Effect of nut consumption on vascular endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

Nut consumption and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases

Nut consumption and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases

Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Walnut Supplementation in a Mouse Model of the Metabolic Syndrome

Prospective Study of Nut Consumption and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About