Nut consumption and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases

Larsson, Susanna C.; Drca, Nikola; Björck, Martin; Bäck, Magnus; Wolk, Alicja

doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312819

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The mDASH and mMED diets were inversely associated with dietary fat intake in this study but none of the dietary patterns or any of the examined food groups were associated with incidence of AVS. In previous studies assessing the risk factors for AVS in this study population we observed no association with nut consumption specifically [44], but found an inverse association with light alcohol consumption [45]. To the best of our knowledge, no other epidemiologic study has assessed the association of any dietary pattern or specific foods or food groups with risk of AVS.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Dietary patterns, food groups, and incidence of aortic valve stenosis: A prospective cohort study

Larsson

Wolk

Bäck

2019

International Journal of Cardiology

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Background: The role of diet in the development of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is unknown. We therefore examined the associations of two dietary patterns, including a modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (mDASH) diet and a modified Mediterranean (mMED) diet, and the food items included in these dietary patterns with incidence of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) in a population-based cohort study. Methods: The study cohort comprised 74,401 Swedish adults (54% men) who were free of cardiovascular disease at the time of completion of a baseline questionnaire about habitual diet and other risk factors for chronic diseases. Participants were followed-up through linkage with nationwide registers on hospitalization and causes of death. Results: During 1,132,617 person-years (mean 15.2 years) of follow-up, 1338 incident AVS cases (801 in men and 537 in women) were ascertained. We found no significant associations of the mDASH and mMED dietary patterns or the food groups and beverages included in these diets (i.e., fruit, vegetables, legumes and nuts, whole grains, fish, low-fat dairy foods, full-fat dairy foods, red and processed meat, and sweetened beverages) with risk of AVS. The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of AVS per one standard deviation increase in the mDASH and mMED diet scores were respectively 1.02 (0.96-1.07) and 1.00 (0.95-1.06). Conclusion: This study found no evidence that diet plays a role in the development of AVS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Dietary patterns, food groups, and incidence of aortic valve stenosis: A prospective cohort study

Larsson

Wolk

Bäck

2019

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…For walnuts specifically, a previous systematic review found improvements in total and LDL-cholesterol levels with consumption (55) . A further prospective study has highlighted the specific areas of heart disease in which nut consumption may be having its impact (56) . On the other hand, although fatty acids have been implicated in insulin sensitivity (34) , glycaemic control is more immediately influenced by carbohydrate in the diet, so any effect of nuts is likely to be seen as part of a preventive dietary pattern, as outlined below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease increasing in global prevalence. Although habitual consumption of walnuts is associated with reduced risk of CVD, there is inconsistent evidence for the impact of walnut consumption on markers of glycaemic control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (to 2 March 2019) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials conducted with adults which assessed the effect of walnut consumption on fasting blood glucose and insulin, glycated Hb and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the weighted mean differences (WMD) for each outcome. Risk of bias in studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0. Sixteen studies providing eighteen effect sizes were included in the review. Consumption of walnuts did not result in significant changes in fasting blood glucose levels (WMD: 0·331 mg/dl; 95 % CI −0·817, 1·479) or other outcome measures. Studies were determined to have either ‘some concerns’ or be at ‘high risk’ of bias. There was no evidence of an effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. These findings suggest that the known favourable effects of walnut intake on CVD are not mediated via improvements in glycaemic control. Given the high risk of bias observed in the current evidence base, there is a need for further high-quality randomised controlled trials.

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“…Becerra-Tomas et al, 2019 [8] recently showed that nut consumption lowered CHD mortality (396,041 subjects and 7877 CHD deaths) by 24% (RR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.67, 0.86; I 2 = 46%; p heterogeneity = 0.04) in a meta-analysis of 12 prospective studies (8 publications [12][13][14][15]19,[24][25][26]) comparing high with low nut consumption categories. The meta-analysis of Chen et al, 2017 [23] included 13 studies (10 publications) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][26][27][28].…”

Section: Coronary Heart Disease Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the meta-analysis by Becerra-Tomas et al, 2019 [8] was added [8,21,[30][31][32][33][34][35], a 17-34% reduction in CHD (or CAD) incidence was seen. Becerra-Tomas et al, 2019 [8] showed that nut consumption lowered incidence of CHD (275,812 subjects and 12,654 cases) by 18% (RR = 0.82; CI 95% 0.69, 0.96; I 2 = 74%; p heterogeneity < 0.01) in a meta-analysis of 7 prospective studies (5 publications [12,24,25,36,37]) comparing high with low categories of nut consumption.…”

Section: Coronary Heart Disease Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

Kim

Keogh

Clifton

2019

IJERPH

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Aim We aimed to determine if nut consumption decreases mortality and/or the risk of cardiometabolic diseases based on updated meta-analyses of epidemiological and intervention studies. Methods. An updated electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library databases for original meta-analyses to investigate the effects of nut consumption on cardiometabolic disease in humans. Results. Seven new meta-analyses were included in this updated review. Findings similar to our previous review were observed, showing that nut consumption significantly decreased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (−19% to −25%; n = 4), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (−24% to −30%; n = 3), stroke mortality (−17% to −18%; n = 3), CVD incidence (−15% to −19 %; n = 4), CHD [or coronary artery disease (CAD)] incidence (−17% to −34%; n = 8), and stroke incidence (−10% to −11%; n = 6) comparing high with low categories of nut consumption. Fasting glucose levels (0.08 to 0.15 mmol/L; n = 6), total cholesterol (TC; 0.021 to 0.30 mmol/L; n = 10), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 0.017 to 0.26 mmol/L; n = 10) were significantly decreased with nut consumption compared with control diets. Body weight and blood pressure were not significantly affected by nut consumption. Conclusion. Nut consumption appears to exert a protective effect on cardiometabolic disease, possibly through improved concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL-C.

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Nut consumption and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Dietary patterns, food groups, and incidence of aortic valve stenosis: A prospective cohort study

Dietary patterns, food groups, and incidence of aortic valve stenosis: A prospective cohort study

Effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

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