Effect of Nonisocyanate Polyurethane and Nanoclay on the Mechanical Properties of an Epoxy Resin

Białkowsk, A.; Bakar, M.; Przybyłek, M.

doi:10.1007/s11029-018-9774-0

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Białkowska et al [ 130 ] prepared and evaluated the mechanical properties of an epoxy resin by using condensation segmented nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) and nanoclays (Nanobent) and analyzed the correlation between morphology and blend performance. The highest values of the impact strength, flexural strength and critical stress intensity factor were obtained with epoxy hybrid composites containing 10 wt% NIPU and 1 wt% nanoclay.…”

Section: Hybrid Epoxy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites: Improvement in Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms—A Review

Białkowska¹,

Bakar²,

Kucharczyk

et al. 2023

Polymers

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This article presents a review on the recent advances in the field of ternary diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy nanocomposites containing nanoparticles and other modifiers. Particular attention is paid to their mechanical and thermal properties. The properties of epoxy resins were improved by incorporating various single toughening agents, in solid or liquid states. This latter process often resulted in the improvement in some properties at the expense of others. The use of two appropriate modifiers for the preparation of hybrid composites, possibly will show a synergistic effect on the performance properties of the composites. Due to the huge amount of modifiers that were used, the present paper will focus mainly on largely employed nanoclays with modifiers in a liquid and solid state. The former modifier contributes to an increase in the flexibility of the matrix, while the latter modifier is intended to improve other properties of the polymer depending on its structure. Various studies which were carried out on hybrid epoxy nanocomposites confirmed the occurrence of a synergistic effect within the tested performance properties of the epoxy matrix. Nevertheless, there are still ongoing research works using other nanoparticles and other modifiers aiming at enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy resins. Despite numerous studies carried out so far to assess the fracture toughness of epoxy hybrid nanocomposites, some problems still remain unresolved. Many research groups are dealing with many aspects of the subject, namely the choice of modifiers and preparation methods, while taking into account the protection of the environment and the use of components from natural resources.

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Section: Hybrid Epoxy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites: Improvement in Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms—A Review

Białkowska¹,

Bakar²,

Kucharczyk

et al. 2023

Polymers

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show abstract

“…Białkowsk et al [106] The hybrid nanocomposites were compared to NIPU-free nanocomposites. FTIR and SEM analyses were used to characterize the network and the surface.…”

Section: Hybrid Phus: a Promising Way To Overcome Phus Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid polyhydroxyurethanes: How to overcome limitations and reach cutting edge properties?

Ecochard

Caillol

2020

European Polymer Journal

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The restrictions on isocyanate substances have encouraged researchers to find alternative methods for the synthesis of Polyurethanes (PUs). New pathways have been designed with focus on non-hazardous and eco-friendly substances. The reaction of cyclic carbonates and amines has appeared as the most promising substitute for the synthesis of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPUs). The obtained Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) have been deeply studied these last decades to offer the best solutions in the substitution of isocyanates in PUs synthesis. Strong efforts have been paid to understand key parameters for the synthesis of PHUs and to design new architectures. However, some limitations in terms of kinetics, conversion and molar masses still remain and impede PHUs expansion. Therefore, this review aims to detail the recent progress that has been made on a new strategy, the hybrid PHUs. The characteristics of additional reactants such as a high reactivity, a low viscosity or the ability to reach higher conversions can be combined with the properties of PHUs in hybrid networks. Other functional groups such as acrylates, methacrylates, epoxies, alkenes or siloxanes give access to new designs and materials with higher performances. Hence, the different strategies to perform hybrid PHUs are discussed and detailed. The main strategies employed are the co-polymerization in one-step, the synthesis of prepolymers with various architectures and the synthesis of organic/inorganic and composite PHUs. Furthermore, a short overview of reprocessable PHUs is given as another outlook for PHU development.

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“…Above this content of SiMPU, the enhancement in the fracture toughness and impact strength of epoxy system was negligible [11]. Moreover, different types of nonisocyanate polyurethanes have also been reported to toughen the epoxy resin through the formation of IPN structure, hydrogen bonding and urethane linkage [46,47]. Polyurethane (PU) is typically prepared by the reaction of a polyol with a diisocyanate, with or without the addition of catalyst.…”

Section: Effect Of Toughener Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

2020

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Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, a pure epoxy system possesses some inherent shortcomings, such as brittleness and low elongation after cure, limiting performance of the composite. Several approaches to toughen epoxy systems have been explored, of which formation of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has gained increasing attention. This methodology usually results in better mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness) of the modified epoxy system. Ideally, IPNs result in a synergistic combination of desirable properties of two different polymers, i.e., improved toughness comes from the toughener while thermosets are responsible for high service temperature. Three main parameters influence the mechanical response of IPN toughened systems: (i) the chemical structure of the constituents, (ii) the toughener content and finally and (iii) the type and scale of the resulting morphology. Various synthesis routes exist for the creation of IPN giving different means of control of the IPN structure and also offering different processing routes for making composites. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art on toughening of epoxy matrix system through formation of IPN structure, either by using thermoplastics or thermosets. Moreover, the potential of IPN based epoxy systems is explored for the formation of composites particularly for aerospace applications.

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Effect of Nonisocyanate Polyurethane and Nanoclay on the Mechanical Properties of an Epoxy Resin

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites: Improvement in Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms—A Review

Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites: Improvement in Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms—A Review

Hybrid polyhydroxyurethanes: How to overcome limitations and reach cutting edge properties?

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

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