Effect of non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in the stem pre-anthesis on grain filling of wheat inferior grain

Liang, Wenxin; Zhang, Zhichao; Wen, Xiaoxia; Liao, Yuncheng; Yang, Liu

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.06.016

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Non-structural carbohydrates in plants mainly include soluble sugar, sucrose and starch, among which soluble sugar and sucrose are the main utilization and transportation forms [32] while starch is the main storage form of photosynthetic products [33]. According to our data, S1 treatment observably reduced the starch content of soybean stems, but the soluble sugar and sucrose remained at the same level as in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Slight Shading Stress at Seedling Stage Does not Reduce Lignin Biosynthesis or Affect Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stems

et al. 2020

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Shade is widespread in agricultural production and affects lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of crops. We explored the effects of shade intensity on lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance at the physiological and molecular levels in two soybean cultivars (Nandou12 and E93) with different shade tolerance under four progressively severe shade treatments, S0-S3 (S0: no shade, S1: slight shade, S2: moderate shade, S3: heavy shade). Our results showed no significant difference in breaking strength of the two cultivars under S1 and S0 treatments, with no prominent decrease in the lodging resistance index. The activity of lignin biosynthesis rate-limiting enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which were considerably related to the two lodging resistance indexes above, was not significantly decreased by slight shade, while 4-coumaric acid ligase (4CL) activity was increased. Most genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were not significantly down-regulated by slight shade (S1) compared to S0, while p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), 4-coumaric acid ligase (4CL) and laccase (LAC) genes were upregulated. Under heavy shade (S3), enzyme activity and gene expression associated with lignin synthesis in both soybean cultivars were strongly inhibited; moreover, stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance were remarkably decreased compared with those under S0. These physiological and molecular changes suggested that applicable shade levels do not significantly affect the mechanical strength and lodging resistance of soybean stem. Exploiting the lodging resistance potential of existing soybean cultivars was an effective and efficient way to address yield reduction caused by lodging in intercropped soybeans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Slight Shading Stress at Seedling Stage Does not Reduce Lignin Biosynthesis or Affect Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stems

et al. 2020

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“…The activities of key enzymes involved in N assimilation, including glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were assayed according to Liang et al. (). Samples of 0.2‐g frozen sheaths were hand‐homogenized at 4°C in a mortar and pestle with 5 ml of extraction buffer containing 100 mM Tris‐HCl (pH 7.6), 1.0 mM EDTA, 1.0‐mM MgCl 2 , and 10 mM of β‐mercaptoethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under normal growth condition, the remobilization of NSC that are prestored in leaf sheaths and stem before heading contributed to approximately 20–40% of final grain yield (Aguirre, Kiegle, Leo, & Ezquer, ). Furthermore, the prestorage of NSC in leaf sheaths also serves as an alternative carbon buffer in unfavorable environments to compensate for the insufficiencies of leaf photosynthesis (Chu et al., ; Tahir & Nakata, ), and the relatively high translocation of NSCs in the leaf sheath tissues are beneficial for an improvement in the filling rate of the inferior rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grain (Liang, Zhang, Wen, Liao, & Liu, ). Hence, the NSCs of leaf sheaths in rice plants have drawn the interest of agronomists as important factors for achieving higher yield and more effective production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence‐related translocation of nonstructural carbohydrate in rice leaf sheaths under different nitrogen supply

et al. 2020

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The translocation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) from leaf sheaths to filling grains after anthesis contributed greatly to the grain yield of cereal crops. In this study, the effect of nitrogen (N) supply levels on the accumulation and translocation of NSC in leaf sheath tissues and its relationship with the initiation and progression of leaf senescence during grain filling was investigated using two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, namely, premature flag leaf senescence mutant (psf) and its wild‐type. Three N treatment levels were used to examine N‐supply induced alteration in the activities of several key enzymes involved in NSC translocation and N assimilation in different leaf sheaths. The results show that the NSC translocation rate in leaf sheaths under low nitrogen (LN) treatment was significantly higher than those under normal nitrogen (NN) and high nitrogen (HN) treatments. However, the positive effect of LN on the NSC translocation in leaf sheath was closely associated with its negative effect on grain yield, due to accelerated leaf senescence and shortened leaf longevity. Comparatively, the upper‐positional sheath had a lower NSC amount and higher NSC translocation rate than the lower‐leaf sheaths after heading. High N suppressed sucrose‐phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in leaf sheaths, but enhanced the activity of key enzymes involving in N assimilation in leaf sheaths. The upper sheath had higher activity of sucrose‐metabolizing enzymes and lower activity of N‐assimilating enzymes. Hence, the upper‐leaf sheath had a relatively weak N assimilation and stronger NSC translocation than the lower‐leaf sheaths.

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“…Direct correlation between dry weight, as well as the amount of non-structural carbohydrates of stem of the main shoot at anthesis and the grain yield of the ear, shows that varieties with a higher dry weight and amount of water-soluble carbohydrates at this stage may be more productive. It is believed that the ability of wheat stem to accumulate carbohydrates in the pre-anthesis period affects yield, providing grain filling due to remobilization of assimilate accumulated during vegetative growth (Xue et al, 2014;Liang et al, 2017;Yáñez et al, 2017). The literature data confirm significant differences in the contribution of assimilates deposited in the stem to the grain filling at different environmental conditions or in different genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Besides, it is believed that increase in the deposition of carbohydrates in the stem may be one way to maximize their transport through a constrained vascular route (Slewinski, 2012). Also, it has been shown that over the pre-anthesis period, wheat varieties with high content of non-structural carbohydrates in the stem had higher content of zeatin and zeatin riboside, hormones that stimulate the transport of nutrients into the cell (Liang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositing ability of stem of winter wheat varieties of different periods of selection

Morgun¹,

Priadkina²,

Zborivska³

2019

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Adaptation of high-yielding winter wheat crops to changes in climatic conditions has great importance for food security of countries. The remobilization of stem assimilates for grain filling is one of the possible ways of increasing wheat yield in unfavourable environmental conditions. Field experiments in natural conditions with three old and three modern varieties of winter wheat were performed to compare depositing abilities of their stems. The objective of this study was a comparative analysis of the parameters of depositing capacity of stems of the main shoots for identification of the criteria for assessing grain productivity of winter wheat. The parameters of depositing capacity of the stem of the main shoots of three old winter wheat varieties (1997, 2003, and 2008) and three modern ones (2013, 2014 and 2016) were studied in field conditions with natural conditions of water supply (Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine). During the period of formation of reproductive organs (April and May), the amount of precipitation, respectively, was only 17% and 68% of long-term values and average monthly air temperature was 3–4 ºС higher than the climatic norm. We analyzed the variability of the parameters of depositing capacity of the stem of the main shoot and grain productivity of the ear of six wheat winter varieties which differed by time of selection. In unfavourable conditions during the period of formation of reproductive organs the modern winter wheat varieties had an 11% higher yield on average compared to the older ones. It was determined that the highest mass of grain from the ear of the main shoots (1.9–2.1 g) belonged to Odeska 267 variety, a drought-tolerant variety from earlier selection, and three modern varieties – Raihorodka, Prydniprovska and Darunok Podillia. It is demonstrated that these varieties also exceeded two old varieties (Podolianka and Yednist) by stem dry matter weight of main shoot at anthesis by 0.3–0.6 g. The highest content of non-structural carbohydrates at this phase was observed in Odeska 267, Raihorodka and Darunok Podillia varieties (273–307 mg/stem). Correlation analysis revealed the significant correlation between mass of grain from ear and dry matter of stem at anthesis and full ripeness, as well mass of grain from ear and the amount of non-structural carbohydrates at anthesis. Therefore, modern varieties of winter wheat and the drought-tolerant variety have higher yield, weight of dry matter of stem of the main shoot at anthesis and grain productivity of the ear, compared to old varieties. The results of this study indicate that the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoot at anthesis can be used as a marker of the grain productivity of winter wheat.

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Effect of non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in the stem pre-anthesis on grain filling of wheat inferior grain

Cited by 80 publications

References 30 publications

Slight Shading Stress at Seedling Stage Does not Reduce Lignin Biosynthesis or Affect Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stems

Slight Shading Stress at Seedling Stage Does not Reduce Lignin Biosynthesis or Affect Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stems

Senescence‐related translocation of nonstructural carbohydrate in rice leaf sheaths under different nitrogen supply

Depositing ability of stem of winter wheat varieties of different periods of selection

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