Depositing ability of stem of winter wheat varieties of different periods of selection

Abstract

Adaptation of high-yielding winter wheat crops to changes in climatic conditions has great importance for food security of countries. The remobilization of stem assimilates for grain filling is one of the possible ways of increasing wheat yield in unfavourable environmental conditions. Field experiments in natural conditions with three old and three modern varieties of winter wheat were performed to compare depositing abilities of their stems. The objective of this study was a comparative analysis of the parameters of depositing capacity of stems of the main shoots for identification of the criteria for assessing grain productivity of winter wheat. The parameters of depositing capacity of the stem of the main shoots of three old winter wheat varieties (1997, 2003, and 2008) and three modern ones (2013, 2014 and 2016) were studied in field conditions with natural conditions of water supply (Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine). During the period of formation of reproductive organs (April and May), the amount of precipitation, respectively, was only 17% and 68% of long-term values and average monthly air temperature was 3–4 ºС higher than the climatic norm. We analyzed the variability of the parameters of depositing capacity of the stem of the main shoot and grain productivity of the ear of six wheat winter varieties which differed by time of selection. In unfavourable conditions during the period of formation of reproductive organs the modern winter wheat varieties had an 11% higher yield on average compared to the older ones. It was determined that the highest mass of grain from the ear of the main shoots (1.9–2.1 g) belonged to Odeska 267 variety, a drought-tolerant variety from earlier selection, and three modern varieties – Raihorodka, Prydniprovska and Darunok Podillia. It is demonstrated that these varieties also exceeded two old varieties (Podolianka and Yednist) by stem dry matter weight of main shoot at anthesis by 0.3–0.6 g. The highest content of non-structural carbohydrates at this phase was observed in Odeska 267, Raihorodka and Darunok Podillia varieties (273–307 mg/stem). Correlation analysis revealed the significant correlation between mass of grain from ear and dry matter of stem at anthesis and full ripeness, as well mass of grain from ear and the amount of non-structural carbohydrates at anthesis. Therefore, modern varieties of winter wheat and the drought-tolerant variety have higher yield, weight of dry matter of stem of the main shoot at anthesis and grain productivity of the ear, compared to old varieties. The results of this study indicate that the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoot at anthesis can be used as a marker of the grain productivity of winter wheat.

Depositing capacity of winter wheat stem segments under natural drought during grain filling in Ukrainian forest steppe conditions

“…If the drought occurs during the grain filling period, the deficit of photoassimilates, used for this process, can be compensated to some extent by the remobilization of nutrients deposited in other organs. In particular, the grain filling under drought can occur by consuming water-soluble (non-structural) carbohydrates and other substances, mainly nitrogen-containing compounds capable of remobilization into grains (Ruuska et al, 2006;Pierre et al, 2010;Li et al, 2015;Morgun et al, 2019). It is believed that even in conditions of moderate drought, the grain filling in wheat may depend more on non-structural carbohydrates reserved in the stem than on current photosynthesis (Ehdaie et al, 2006a;Slewinski, 2012).…”

Development of high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine

“…Вченими встановлені особливості успадковування господарсько-корисних ознак у гібридах пшениці м'якої озимої різного генетичного походження, закономірності трансгресивної мінливості врожайних і адаптивних ознак [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Influence of drought on photosynthetic traist of wheat plants

“…В низці досліджень показано, що посуха зменшує ці показники потужності розвитку фотосинтетичної поверхні рослин. Зокрема, ми встановили, що за природної ґрунтової посухи та підвищеної температури повітря в період закладання репродуктивних органів (початок колосіння, BBCH 51) сорти та лінії озимої пшениці, що мали вищу врожайність, у фазу цвітіння перевершували за масою сирої речовини листків рослин менш урожайні сорти на 30 %, у фазу молочно-воскової стиглості -на 136 % [25]. Встановлено також, що за водного дефіциту, пов'язаного з різними датами висівання, істотно зменшувався листковий індекс посіву в кожного з чотирьох сортів пшениці, починаючи в середньому з 220-ї доби після висівання [26].…”