Effect of niobium and grain boundary density on the fire resistance of Fe–C–Mn steel

Dere, E. Gözde; Sharma, Hemant; Petrov, Roumen; Sietsma, Jilt; Offerman, S.E.

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.12.030

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Figure a,b shows the EBSD orientation image maps in the simulated HAZ of Ca‐bearing and Ce‐bearing steels, respectively. The different bainite packets are represented by different colors and characterized with high‐angle grain boundary (50–62°) between the packets, which is attributed to the misorientation between variants of ferrite grain formed in the same austenite grain in low carbon steels according to the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) orientation relationships . The bainitic ferrite plates in the same bainite packet are represented by similar color, indicating that those plates in the packet are characterized with low‐angle grain boundaries (<2°).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bainitic ferrite plates in the same bainite packet are represented by similar color, indicating that those plates in the packet are characterized with low‐angle grain boundaries (<2°). The acicular ferrite grains that have K–S orientation relationship with prior austenite grain keep high misorientation (50–60°) with neighboring ferrite plates …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Observation of Grain Refinement in the Simulated Heat‐Affected Zone of Al–Ti‐0.05% Ce‐Deoxidized Steel

Cao

Wan

Hou

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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The particles and microstructural characteristics in the simulated heat‐affected zone (HAZ) of the Al–Ti deoxidized steel with 0.05% Ce treatment are investigated using in situ, optical, and electron microscopes and an electron backscattered diffraction analysis, and compared with the Al–Ti deoxidized steel with Ca treatment. The results reveal that the fine CeAlO3 inclusions and nanoscale (Ti, Nb)N precipitates are formed in the Ce‐bearing steel instead of the Ca–Al oxides surrounded by TiN and nanoscale (Ti, Nb)N precipitates in the Ca‐bearing steel. The nanoscale precipitates with higher density in the Ce‐bearing steel can effectively pin austenite grain boundary, and the finer austenite grain is obtained during the welding thermal cycle. The inclusions in both steels are detrimental to the acicular ferrite nucleation. Thus, the transformation from austenite to bainite occurs actively, and bainite packets with different lengthening directions divide the prior austenite into several small regions at intermediate temperature. The fine‐grained microstructure is obtained in the simulated HAZ of the Ce‐bearing steel due to the pinning effect of finer precipitates with higher density and the formation of the bainite packets with high‐angle grain boundary.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Observation of Grain Refinement in the Simulated Heat‐Affected Zone of Al–Ti‐0.05% Ce‐Deoxidized Steel

Cao

Wan

Hou

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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“…21 A more recent study has investigated the fire-resistance properties of Fe-C-Mn-Nb steels with no Mo additions. 22 In this work, the C-Mn-Nb specimens are soaked at 1100 • C for 45 min, rapidly cooled to 850 • C and at three different cooling rates, 0.17, 1 and 100 • C/s, in the temperature range from 850 • C to 600 • C, to be finally quenched to room temperature. Afterwards, the specimens are subjected to a standard fire test ISO 834.…”

Section: Fire-resistant Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution Case Study: Replacing Niobium by Vanadium in Nano-Steels

Guenechea

Offerman

2019

World Scientific Series in Current Energy Issues

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The substitution of critical alloying elements in metals is a strategy to reduce the criticality of materials. Nano-steels are a novel grade of advanced highstrength steels that are suited for application in the chassis and suspension of cars and as fire-resistant steel in high-rise buildings. The high strength and ductility per unit mass make the nano-steels resource-efficient and reduce vehicle weight while maintaining crash worthiness. The excellent mechanical properties of certain nano-steels rely on the addition of small amounts (up to 0.1 wt.%) of Niobium as alloying element to the steel. Niobium is considered to be a critical raw material by the European Union due to its high economic importance as an alloying element in advanced, high-strength steel grades and due to the high supply risk related to the high degree of monopolistic production within the supply chain. This chapter describes the fundamental materials science that is needed for the substitution of the critical alloying element Niobium by Vanadium as an alloying element in nano-steels.

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“…Application of heat treatment during manufacturing process is one of the most effective ways to improve main service properties of hypoeutectoid low alloy steel products: fire resistance, 1) susceptibility to hydrogen induced cracking and sulfide stress cracking, 2) abrasive wear resistance, 3) strength and toughness. 4) Depending on the cooling intensity of the metastable austenite even before its phase transformation different microstructures with different properties are obtained, 5) especially throughout the cross-section of the products with large diameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Simulation Method of Round Steel Bar Cooling

et al. 2015

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Applying the finite difference method for numerical solution of one dimensional heat transfer equation provides a simple way for cooling process simulation of hypoeutectoid low alloy steel rod (round long length bar). The obtained results are comparable with ones calculated using finite element modeling commercial software. The temperature difference of the proposed model and literature experimental data for 50…270 mm diameter bars cooled in still air and conventional oil does not exceed 25°C for the whole examined time-temperature regions before the phase transformation.

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Effect of niobium and grain boundary density on the fire resistance of Fe–C–Mn steel

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

In Situ Observation of Grain Refinement in the Simulated Heat‐Affected Zone of Al–Ti‐0.05% Ce‐Deoxidized Steel

In Situ Observation of Grain Refinement in the Simulated Heat‐Affected Zone of Al–Ti‐0.05% Ce‐Deoxidized Steel

Substitution Case Study: Replacing Niobium by Vanadium in Nano-Steels

Simplified Simulation Method of Round Steel Bar Cooling

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